Introduction
College fee in the United States has been on the rise especially in the American Aviation Colleges. There are so many colleges in the US that offer courses in the aviation field, for instance, aviation management courses. As a concerned student, I feel the need to carry out research concerning the average tuition fee charged in these colleges, and in particular, in the aviation management course. In this research, I intend to find out the average tuition cost for a four-year aviation management course in the American Aviation Colleges. According to the College Board, the average tuition cost of Aviation management courses is 5836 Dollars per year. However, based on the visual inspection I carried out on their website statistical data I expected that the average cost for a four-year aviation management course in American Aviation Colleges to be less than 5836 US Dollars per year. To prove my claim, I carried out online research on the cost of aviation management courses in forty different American Colleges that offer aviation management courses. I am going to carry out a t-test to help me arrive at the mean of the entire statistical data.
Hypothesis
I think the average cost of tuition fee is lower than what is stated by the University/College Board. That is, Ha: mu >/= $5836.
Hb: mu< $5836 (my hypothesis claim)
Population
The population interest encompasses all the colleges in the United States that offer aviation courses, the tuition fee/cost they charged per year, and the number of students in these institutions. The detailed pieces of information of these institutions were retrieved from their various websites.
Group: System = Colleges/Universities
Number of count = forty Colleges/Universities
Variables and Collection
The main variable used in this research was the cost of the tuition per year and the number of candidates enrolled in those institutions (Goddard, 2002). I collected this data from different university and college websites that offer similar or the same courses. The information was retrieved from 46 institutions offering Aviation courses in the UK. The data was collected with a lot of caution and to that effect, no data with large discrepancies were recorded and recorded with the lowest tuition cost being 3435 US Dollars from London Metropolitan while the highest was 6547 US Dollars from the University of Leeds and South Wales University.
During my research, I noted that the number of students enrolled in these courses did not influence the cost of tuition fees charged per year for the Aviation Management courses; therefore, no favoritism could have taken place as a result of that. Another precaution that was taken to avoid favoritism was to ensure all the courses selected were of the same undergraduate level (Hulsizer & Woolf, 2009). Notably, it was not easy to collect these data since some of the websites I visited did not have the full information I needed. For instance, many colleges have both undergraduate and graduate data in the same column.
Raw data information
College/ University, tuition cost per year, number of students enrolled in each institution
University of Westminster; 4390, 10,846
Loughborough University; 5976, 10,736
Brunel University; 4634, 4,384
Manchester; 4765, 7,645
Kingston University; 5867, 10,345
Brunel University; 4634, 4,384
Royal Agricultural; 5897, 6,345
Loughborough college; 3635, 9,345
Middlesex University; 6328, 10,003
Edinborgh Napier Uni.; 5437, 10,635
University of Surrey; 5603, 7,487
Uni. West London, 5237, 8,876
Manchester Metropolitan; 4375, 9,
Craven College; 5476, 6,746 (46 institutions offering Aviation courses in the UK, n.d.)
Stockton Riverside College; 4536, 10,864
Wirral Met College; 5743, 9,874
City of Bristal; 4353, 10,261
Leeds City College; 3456, 8,746
City College Plymouth; 5643, 10,645
David Game College; 4653, 10,534
University College Birmingham; 5654, 9,463
Uxbridge College; 6345, 10,864
University of the Highland and Island; 3954, 8,645
Sandwell College; 4536, 10,745
Wakefield College; 5342, 10,745
Northbrook College; 3456, 8,645
South Wale University; 6547, 10,645
University of Liverpool; 5436, 10,745
University of Salford; 4536, 534
City University of London; 4532, 9,846
Cranfield University; 5463, 9,110
Buckighamshire New; 5463, 10,800
University of Leeds; 6547, 9,103
New College Nottingham; 5432, 9,654
Central College Nottingham; 5342, 5,765
Coventry University; 4546, 10,121
London Metropolitan; 10,435, 10,342
University of Hunderfield; 5435, 3435
South Thames College; 11,645, 5436
Newcastle College; 4567, 7,756
South Essex College; 9,004, 5463. (T Test Project on StatCrunch, n.d.).
Study design
To analyze the data I collected, I used Stat Crunch and conducted a one-tailed, which is paired (dependent) t test (Sedgwick, 2010). My null hypothesis states that the average tuition cost for the Aviation Management course in American Aviation Colleges is less than 5436 US Dollars per year (Goddard, 2002). That is, Ha: μa >/= $5836. Hb: μa < $5436 (my hypothesis claim). The alternative hypothesis is that the average cost per year in American Aviation Colleges for Aviation Management courses is lesser than the College Board Average. (Ha: μa >/= $5436. Ha: μa < $5436). I computed the variance by subtracting before – after (Universities/Colleges –$5436) (Aviation Project Management, 2008).
Result: Descriptive Statistic
According to this research, the Board Average for both Universities and Colleges is the same ($5436). I, therefore, trust that the condition required for the sureness range and theory checks are fulfilled, and I am content with the outcome of the research result (Sedgwick, 2010).
Ninety- Five Percent Confidence Interval Result: Mean-variance between Universities/Colleges and Board Average: μd = μa – $5436
Hypothesis test results
The Mean of difference between Universities/Colleges and Board Average: μd = μa – $5436, Ha: μd = $5436, Ha: μd < $5436. At a= 0.025 and DF = 28, the critical value is equal to -3.4949111. To compute the sample test value given the result from the calculation: m = 5367.73 and standard deviation s =798.83. Sample test value is given by (5037.63 -5436)/ (798.83/sqrt(40)) = -3.1540 (Goddard, 2002).
Confidence Interval and Hypothesis Result
With a ninety-five percent confidence interval, the upper limit is -2.2958298 with a lower limit of –5.6939969. The hypothesis findings were completed with a Test Statistics of -3.1540, 38 as the gradation of freedom while the P-value is 0.02521. The hypothesis outcome sided with a test figure of -3.0468807. The mark of independence is 38 while the p-value is 0.02521 (T-test II: Independent samples t-test, n.d.).
Findings
According to the calculated outcomes, the P-value result was 0.02521, which is considerably lower than 0.05. This designates that the result supports the ultimate theory, and, therefore, I can confidently discard the null theory (Sedgwick, 2010). With ninety-five percent certainty, the average that occurs between Universities/Colleges and Board Average $5436 is ranging from -5.6939969 and -2.2958298 (-5.6939969, -2.2958298). This means that the conclusion from the research-finding is that my ultimate hypothesis, which stated that the average cost per year of Aviation Management courses in American Aviation colleges is lesser than $5436, is affirmed to be factual (46 institutions offering Aviation courses in the UK, n.d.).
Discussion and Conclusion
Following the outcome of this study I carried out, the result the T-test come up with supported my hypothesis, which stated that the average cost per year of the Aviation Management course in American Aviation Colleges is less than $5436. This conclusion is based on the P-value produced by Stat Crunch one-tailed Paired (dependence). From the evidence and calculation, it is true that the average cost of Aviation Management course tuition is lower than $5436 and therefore it is in order to discard the null theory. It is also proper to make the conclusion that the number of enrolled students in each college does not influence the average cost of tuition per year. The T-test (T-test II: Independent samples t-test, n.d.).
References
46 institutions offering Aviation courses in the UK. (n.d.). Web.
Aviation Project Management. (2008). Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Administration and Operations Option in Aviation Management. Web.
Goddard, J. (2002). Ground-based aviation weather radar research at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and University College London. Web.
Hulsizer, M. R., & Woolf, L. M. (2009). A guide to teaching statistics: Innovations and best practices. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell Pub.
Sedgwick, P. (2010). Independent samples t test. BMJ, 340(2), c2673.
T Test Project on StatCrunch. (n.d.). Web.