Indian Invasions and Colonization of America Essay

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Discussion and evaluation of the diplomacy, warfare, and the politics of negotiating relationships between Indian Nations and European Invaders need much attention on the history of colonization of the American continent and the natives. Spain is the first successful nation from Europe which established a colony in America. Later other European countries like England, France, and the Netherlands invaded America and struggled for supremacy in the continent of America. Within no time, Spain claimed the southern tip of South America, and other countries had to fight each other to establish their colonies.

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The invasion and colonization of America by European countries resulted in a great impact on Native Americans, and it ended up in disaster for the same. The French and Dutch invaders were most cooperative with the natives and this mentality resulted in mutual benefits for the fur trade. Colin G Calloway points out that the diplomacy of the earlier settlers from Europe helped them to establish a peaceful life in the invaded land. They were ready to live very close to the native people and even shared and exchanged goods and customs. “Europeans often lived side-by-side, sharing and exchanging goods and customs. In the West, settlers lived in Indian towns, eating Indian food. In Mohawk Valley, New York, Europeans tattooed their faces; Indians drank tea.” (Calloway 2008).

The settlers in the western part were more cooperative, so they lived in Indian towns with the natives. The early history of colonization shows that there existed a warm diplomatic relation between the settlers and the Native Americans.

But there were fights over land claims and trading rights. The English invaders were not like Spaniards, so there were clashes between the invaders and the native tribes. But the early relations were co-operative and the issues were mainly on land and religion. Moreover, English invaders tried to push the natives off their land and they tried to seize more and more land for Tobacco cultivation. John Mohawk points out that the relationship between English settlers and the natives of America was different. Their aim was to establish permanent supremacy over the invaded land and people. The native people were considered slaves to work in their Tobacco cultivation. “The English colonization had a slightly different history from the Spanish in both flavors and on the subject of citizenship. The English were watching and envious of Spanish success at plunder in what they called the “New World.” (Mohawk 1983).

The Spanish invaders were considered as the enemies of English settlers because they were able to build up warm relations with the natives. So, the envy of English settlers over the success of y the Spanish settlers in the American continent ended up in many disasters.

The problem was not over because there was a shortage of labor in the colonies. The end result was the large-scale slave trade from the African continent. In early 1622, there was a war between the Powhatan tribe and colonial villagers. This resulted in a change in the relation between Europeans and Natives of America. John D. Neville points out that there were conflicts between the natives and the settlers. One vent is that the war between Native American Indians and Spanish settlers badly affected the natives. Because the natives were helpless to defend the armed soldiers and settlers and they were forced to work in mines and plantations as slaves. “The natives fared badly. Many died in one-sided armed conflict with soldiers and settlers, or in forced servitude in mines and on plantations. Others died of diseases to which they had no immunity.” (Neville).

Another problem was that the Europeans who were settled in North America brought diseases from Europe and this resulted in the devastation of the native population.

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The effect of European culture on American Indians and the Indian’s contribution to the Europeans is long-lasting. The Europeans respected the Indian medical practice. Another impact was that Europeans learned the method of guerilla warfare from the natives and they used this during the American Revolution. Earlier, natives made use of this method to counter European invasion.

Before summing up, it can be seen that diplomacy, warfare, and the politics of negotiating relationships were aimed at exploitation. It is evident that the negative results of Colonization are able to weaken the positive aspects. Moreover, Colonization helped the European Invaders to strengthen their economy but the Indian Nations had to suffer for the same.

Bibliography

Calloway, Colin. G. 2008. New Words For Indians Europeans and the Remaking of Early America. Alibris. Web.

Mohawk, John. 1983. Indian Nations, The United States and Citizenship. Web.

Neville. John. D. Spain in the New World To 1600: The Caribbean and the Main Land. Roanoke Revisited: Heritage Education Program. Web.

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IvyPanda. 2021. "Indian Invasions and Colonization of America." October 4, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/indian-invasions-and-colonization-of-america/.

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