Lissitzky and Hohlwein, Bernard and Tschichold: The History of Graphic Art Essay

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El Lissitzky and Ludwig Hohlwein

El Lissitzky is considered to be a Russian designer and artists being a prominent representative of avant-garde style. He was a dominant figure in the development of graphic design in the 20th century; besides, his works are characterized by suprematism being influenced by constructivism and Bauhaus.

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Prouneraum.
Fgure 1. Prouneraum.

The analysis of his works can be outlined through one of his prominent works called Prouneraum (Proun Space). It is necessary to underline the fact that the picture is referred to suprematism style and is performed in abstraction manner characterizing most art works of El Lissitzky. It should be stressed that his pictures are predominantly identified through machine-like objects and smooth planning colors. The picture under analysis refers to the artist’s personal suprematist style covering abstract geometric paintings. The theme expressed by Lissitzky was dedicated to the visual suprematism language investigation. (El Lissitzky. Image Library).

Unlike Lissitzky, Ludwig Hohlwein was focused on the illustration of photographic posters and paintings describing different themes, connected with advertizing campaigns, war, nature, etc. Hohlwein was an outstanding figure of 20th century art; his style can be characterized through play of shade and light giving the substance to his works. Being the prominent posterist of German art, he managed to illustrate perfect drawings differing by his individual manner of presentation.

The painting under analysis is called ‘Monopol La Falce’; the picture is related to lithography, printed in 1926. It is necessary to outline the idea that in comparison with Lissitzky, who concentrated on abstract genre, Hohlwein tried to depict concrete animate and inanimate objects symbolizing various themes and aspects of social life

 ‘Monopol La Falce’
Figure 2. ‘Monopol La Falce’.

in the 20th century. The artist used to stick to shadow modulations and mixture of colors. His posters looked natural and characterized the atmosphere of epoch he lived in. It is necessary to underline the fact that Hohlwein depicted the harmony of colors never using the combination of aggressive bright paints. The most prominent themes of the artist strived to reflect were connected with elite businessmen, upper-class ladies, wealthy tourists and gourmet meals (Ludwig Hohlwein. Poster Gallery).

Lucien Bernard and Jan Tschichold

‘Stiller’
Figure 3. ‘Stiller’

Lucien Bernhard is considered to be a well known German artist who contributed to the development of poster style at the beginning of 20th century. It is necessary to underline the fact that his works are characterized through flat-color and reductive imagery. His pictures were dedicated to the illustration of concrete simple objects for the purpose of advertizing and branding.

The picture ‘Stiller’ painted in 1908 is a bright example of the artist’s style and manner of presentation. This work was designed for Stiller shoes advertizing on commercial terms. The picture gives an opportunity to evaluate the mixture of cold and warm colors expressed through strict lines and shadows. Besides, Bernhard managed to make his objects close to life without any sophistication by complex shadow play. The principle purpose of the artist was to make his pictures understandable for the public in order to fulfill a successful advertizing campaign. (Art Galore. Lucian Bernhard: Stiller.)

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Comparing Bernhard to Jan Tschichold, it is necessary underline the idea, that graphic design of Tschichold completely differed from branding posters illustrated by Bernhard. This artist is considered to be a brilliant and influential figure in the world of art being characterized by his love for graphic images. He was a talented designer and calligrapher expressing the ideas of avant-garde under the impact6 of New Typography. His creation activities were influenced by the Bauhaus and had self-critical character.

Bauhaus
Figure 4. Bauhaus

The artist paid attention to the commercial painting making images for catalogues and books. The central idea of his works is concentrated around white space for the purpose of making this element a part of composition identity. Besides, his works combined the features of constructivism; it should be stressed that his picture shows hierarchical ordering and asymmetrical layout of the elements within the geometric greed structure. This approach and manner was individual in 20th century and impacted the vision of many other representatives of this sphere. It should be stressed that Tschichold used to combine half-tones in his paintings reflecting the features of typographic reflection. His designs were characterized by rightness and balance in the shadow and color combination making the pictures more available for understanding and easy perception (Raizman, 2003).

References

  1. Art Galore. Lucian Bernhard: Stiller.
  2. El Lissitzky. Image Library.
  3. Ludwig Hohlwein. Poster Gallery.
  4. Raizman, D. History of modern design: graphics and products since the Industrial Revolution. Laurence King Publishing. 2003.
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IvyPanda. 2024. "Lissitzky and Hohlwein, Bernard and Tschichold: The History of Graphic Art." March 12, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/lissitzky-and-hohlwein-bernard-and-tschichold-the-history-of-graphic-art/.

1. IvyPanda. "Lissitzky and Hohlwein, Bernard and Tschichold: The History of Graphic Art." March 12, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/lissitzky-and-hohlwein-bernard-and-tschichold-the-history-of-graphic-art/.


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IvyPanda. "Lissitzky and Hohlwein, Bernard and Tschichold: The History of Graphic Art." March 12, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/lissitzky-and-hohlwein-bernard-and-tschichold-the-history-of-graphic-art/.

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