This paper is aimed to answer three questions. First, it will reflect on social policies in the area of education. Second, it will speculate on drafting the bill. Finally, it will highlight three dimensions of power.
Social Education Policies
This part of the paper is devoted to three major social policies in education. The first policy to reflect upon is the globalization of education. It is a process of broadening the external and internal borders of education. It allows reconsidering the concept, and the word “education” comes to stand for all the processes which contribute to the development of the personality. Besides, globalization of the economy influences educational processes.
Free economic movement entrains changes in educational programs. Moreover, ecological factors and humanitarianization have started playing significant roles, whereas education has taken first place in the strategic development of the society. The shift to the informational society involves a shift to continuous education. Taking into account the mentioned above, it is possible to admit that the policy is effective, and no notable changes have been required yet (Waks, 2007).
The second policy is the informatization of education. This is a process of integrating information and communication technologies. It entrains a change in the appearance of education, as well as the development of new educational technologies and mediated pedagogical communications. The informatization allows adapting the system to the continuously changing informative society. Nowadays, the process of education informatization tends to determine its essence and nature.
This is a process with a special purpose, and it presupposes multi-step development within the area of information technologies. Such an approach guarantees that the informatization of education is implemented as a program with special goals that are set for it. In the case of its spontaneous development, it is necessary to make some adjustments so as to ensure the possibility of controlling the principle. The policy is effective since it complies with the requirements and interests of the present-day society, as well as helps to contribute to the improvement and facilitation of the educational system (Anyon, 2005).
The third educational policy under consideration is humanitarianization. It is aimed to provide solutions to two key problems. The first issue is the education of each individual. The other one is the matter of the education possibility to supply qualified specialists. The aims of education stay the same. However, the technologies have changed. In modern education, disciplines are expected to be studied within the framework of a continuous multitask program with individual and social requirements taken into account.
All the stages of the educational mechanism are expected to operate as a single mechanism. Therefore, it is necessary to build up educational models. The necessity of education humanitarianization is recognized on the social level and tends to play a key role in its modernization.
Education fulfills crucial functions. The humanitarianization of education, which is aimed to reinforce the social mechanism of education and its social norms, has been focused on entraining changes in the essential content and principles of its functioning. Presently, one of the leading world tendencies in the development of education has been a shift to continuous open education, which is expected to form the basis of informational society and is built on the principles of open information space (Marrion, 2017).
Drafting a Bill
This part of the paper is aimed to give an insight into drafting bills. Drafting a bill starts with a decision that the one is necessary. The state is expected to have a corresponding plan. Bills might be initiated by the president, government, and other authorities defined by law. The instruction to draft a bill can be given to any committee by the government.
The initial draft is worked out in accordance with the department principle. It allows involving more competent specialists in the work. Normally, some departments and legal authorities participate in drafting bills. At the first stage, the initial text is created. However, if it comes to bills that have a general role, it is necessary to apply a different principle, which requires the participation of the government. It concerns the bills which are connected with referendums and elections, as well as public organizations and political parties.
When starting to draft a bill, it is necessary to rely on a scientific concept which complies with the existing norms of rights. All the key normative positions are expected to be justified. Once the draft is prepared, it is submitted to the consideration. More competent specialists, including ministers, are involved in its discussion. The work on the details of the bill does not take place only in the central structures of power. It can take place in different regions of the country. What is more, drafts can be discussed in the media.
At the final stage of drafting a bill, it is considered and speculated on in the course of the meetings of the authorities. The major attention is paid to the general legal assessment of the future bill. It should comply with the norms of existing laws. After this, the bill is submitted to the final consideration (Sallison, 2016).
Three Dimensions of Power
This part of the paper is aimed at considering the dimensions of power, their role in the society, as well as reflecting upon which dimension is expected to be used in education and business. Power is acknowledged to be the means and opportunity to administrate other people, influence their behavior, and impose opinions on them. It is accepted to be based on authority and compulsion. It is possible to single out three dimensions of power: directive, functional, and communicative (Fowler, 2013; Johnson, 2015).
As for the directive dimension, power is understood as the authority which guarantees the fulfillment of instructions and orders. When it comes to the functional direction, power is seen as a possibility and skills of social management accomplishment. Finally, the communicative dimension is implemented through communication, which is comprehensible for all the parties involved in it. As for the role that power comes to play in society, it is necessary to underline the following functions.
First, power establishes the general obligatory rules of behavior for all the members of society. Second, it is expected to guarantee the compliance of their individual actions. Third, it is expected to reveal and fulfill the common interests of all the members of society. In the end, it has a purpose of social conflict regulation as well as the establishment of the public order (Fowler, 2013; Johnson, 2015).
When it comes to the question of which dimension should be applied in education, it is necessary to point out that education implies a double-sided process that is based on equality in communication. Therefore, the communicative dimension is supposed to be applied. As for business, the situation is similar in modern western societies: the communicative dimension should be used since it is based on discussions and searching for mutual agreements.
Conclusion
This paper answered three questions. First, it reflected on social policies in the area of education. Second, it speculated on drafting a bill. Finally, it highlighted the three dimensions of power.
References
Anyon, J. (2005). What “counts” as an educational policy? Notes toward a new paradigm. Harvard Educational Review, 75(1), 65-88.
Fowler, F. C. (2013). Policy studies for educational leaders: An introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Johnson, A. (2015). The role of power. London, UK: Orbit Books.
Marrion, S. (2017). Humanitarianization in education. New York, NY: Viking Press.
Sallison, A. (2016). Education policies. New York, NY: Viking Press.
Waks, L. J. (2007). The concept of fundamental educational change. Educational Theory, 57(3), 277-295.