Conception, intra-morning development, birth, and growth of organisms is a complex biological process that is unique. In addition, it is not possible to ignore the influence of religious movements and organizations, for instance, the Catholic healthcare service, on the process of starting a new life. A Catholic institutional healthcare system is considered a group of people who offer health care to those who need it (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2018). Emphasizing the beginning of life mechanism, it is possible to note various stages and main biological participants.
In terms of reproduction, one parent organism participates in asexual reproduction, resulting in offspring genetically similar to each other and the parent. In contrast, sexual reproduction requires two parents and leads to genetically distinct offspring. Mitosis is described by the biological process in which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells (Cioffi, 2021). On the contrary, meiosis is depicted by the split of a germ cell into four sex cells, for instance, sperm or egg, each having half of the parent cell’s chromosomes (Cioffi, 2021). A cell or creature that is diploid contains two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Other than human sex units, all cells in humans are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A cell or individual with a single pair of chromosomes is referred to as a haploid. Haploid creatures are considered to reproduce in an asexual manner. Only the egg and sperm cells of humans are believed to be haploid.
In sexually reproducing creatures, a gamete is a haploid cell that combines with another haploid cell during the process of fertilization. Gametes, often known as sex cells, are the reproductive cells of an individual. Gametes contain half of an organism’s genetic material, one ploidy of each subtype, and are produced by meiosis, which involves two fissions in a germ cell, culminating in the generation of four gametes. The class of gamete produced by an organism defines its sex categorization in biology. Fertilization, also defined as productive fertilization, syngamy, and insemination, is the union of gametes to generate a new individual organism or progeny and begin its development (Cioffi, 2021). Sexual reproduction is the process of fertilization and the creation of new creatures. Human fertilization is the joining of a human egg and sperm in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, resulting in a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, which begins prenatal development.
A zygote is a eukaryotic unit developed when two gametes fertilize each other. The genotype of a zygote is compiled of the DNA from each gamete and includes all of the genetic information needed to form a new unique creature. The zygote is believed to be the initial developmental phase of multicellular organisms. Considering human nature, a liberated ovum and a haploid sperm cell compose a single diploid cell termed the zygote in human fertilization. Syngamy is the joining of two cells to produce a cell with twice the number of chromosomes (Cioffi, 2021). Gametes are considered to be the two cells that are fused together, and the resultant cell is a zygote. It is possible to depict the objective of syngamy as the reconstruction of genetic material. The distinction between syngamy and fertilization is that syngamy is related to the joining of two gametes to produce a zygote, whereas fertilization refers to the process or act of being fertile.
The blastocyst is a structure created during the early stages of organogenesis. It has an inner cell mass that eventually transforms the embryo. When a fluid-filled opening becomes free in the morula, the initial embryonic phase of a ball of sixteen cells, around five days after fertilization, a blastocyst is formed in humans. The period of human sexual reproduction during which the embryo clings to the uterine wall is known as implantation. The conceptus is classified as a blastocyst at this phase of early embryonic development. In humans, implantation of a fertilized egg typically happens nine days following ovulation, although it can require between six and twelve days. Gastrulation is a phenomenon in which an embryo develops from a one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells to a hierarchical multilayered and dimensional system known as the gastrula. The embryo is a homogeneous epithelial sheet of cells preceding gastrulation; by the conclusion of gastrulation, the embryo has evolved to differentiate into various cell lineages.
The gestational age is used to distinguish between embryo and fetus. An embryo is a step of the human developmental period during which vital bodily components such as organs are produced. Scheduled to begin in the eleventh week of pregnancy, which is the ninth week of growth after fertilization of the egg, an embryo is referred to as a fetus. What concerns the description of the fertilization process, the prenatal growth process is divided into three sections. The germinal phase lasts for the first two weeks following formation, the embryonic phase continues for the third through eighth weeks, and the fetal phase lasts for the ninth week till birth. According to the information concerning the fertilization process, individual and human life begins with a biological cycle, which is a scientific fact (Cioffi, 2021). As a result, the biological cycle has its frequency, and it determines the initial conditions of the beginning of life.
To summarize, highlighting the structure of the beginning of life, it is feasible to mention various stages and different biological participants. What concerns the description of the fertilization process, the prenatal growth process is divided into three sections, including germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages. Considering the early stages, individual and human life starts with a biological cycle, which is a scientific fact. As a result, the biological cycle determines the initial conditions of the beginning of life.
References
Cioffi, A. (2021). BIO 602 FERT EMBR 1 23 21 [Video file]. Web.
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. (2018). Ethical and Religious Directives (ERD) for Catholic Health Care Services.