The author of the article The Cosmopolitan Society And Its Enemies Ulrich Beck defines the notions of cosmopolitan sociology and cosmopolitan society as well as discusses the enemies of cosmopolitan society.
Along with the definition of the key terms “globalization”, “individualization” and “cosmopolitanisation”, which are studied by cosmopolitan sociology, Beck discusses methodological constructivism and nationalism. Moreover, in relation to social theory Ulrich Beck focuses on pluralization of borders and considers it to be dualism between national and international. Thus, the main idea of the analyzed subject is studying of cosmopolitanism and nationalism contradictions.
In the course of presenting his ideas, Ulrich Beck sets forth a number of questions to answer and big quantity of bright examples to understand his view on the cosmopolitan society. In order to explain what cosmopolitan society is, the author outlines key aspects of the notion which are space-time, identity, production paradigm, class and power concept and dilemmas of cosmopolitanism. Dilemmas and paradoxes, which the author uses as examples, enable readers to understand the authors’ position clearly.
Concerning the enemies of the cosmopolitan society, Beck examines them quite briefly and mostly pays attention at nationalism, globalism and democratic authoritarianism. The examples chosen by the author to support his research have been taken from the history and are based on different models of societies. This means that Ulrich Beck has made a fundamental research not only of the sociological studies, but also historical
Summarizing the article, it has to be admitted that Beck’s article is mainly built on the questions and his answers to them on the ground of historical examples and events. The author gives his own view on sociological processes in describing the aspects of globalization, cosmopolitanism and nationalization.
Moreover, the article highlights the criticism of different scholars and philosophers who studied the issues of cosmopolitan society and globalization. Thus Ulrich Beck managed to combine his individual perception of cosmopolitanisation and different points of view and ideas on the analyzed subject.
In the article, called The Cosmopolitan City and Its Other: the Ethnicizing of the Australian Superb, Graeme Turner investigates changes in the city and suburb which have recently taken place Australia on the ground of multiculturalism and economic globalization of the city suburbs. The research of the author begins with a short historical discourse of multiculturalism in Australia.
Multicultural Australia has been based on the processes of gentrification, commercial redevelopment as well as on the fashionable cultural cosmopolitanization. Graeme argues economical and social disadvantages of multiculturalism for non-English speaking background communities.
On the ground of Australian culture, the author discusses the process of globalization and its effect on the cultural and economical changes and differences of the globalization participants. He lists vivid and bright examples taken from real life to show the dramatic influence of government statements and methods of cosmopolitanism implementation to the reader. Thus the author managed to describe the situation of the Australian city suffering from cultural policy and its influence on the Australian citizens.
To sum up, Graeme’s article deals with the acute sociological problem which Australia has recently faced. Cosmopolitanism which appeared in the result of economical and cultural changes in Australia was presented by the author on interesting and bright examples from real life of the country. All in all, the author succeeded in presenting his ideas concerning multiculturalism to the readers with the help of big quantity of interesting modern illustrations supporting his opinions.