The discussion and analysis of cultures in anthropology often rely on how the scientist perceives and understands them. While writing about the “Nacirema” – Americans – Miner (1956) makes several mistakes that do not align with the history of this nation. One of the more obvious errors lies in the discussion of the group’s origin – the history of America is well-documented and one of the most discussed topics in education (Miner, 1956). Another interesting misconception talks about mothers who “do not nurse their infants” (Miner, 1956, p. 507). While the use of baby formula was widespread during the 1950s, many women still breastfed their newborns, and this approach to feeding has not changed significantly since then.
The most notable feature of the article is the author’s choice of words, which shapes readers’ perceptions. Terms such as “exotic,” “ritualized,” “surprised,” “poorly understood,” and others create a vision of a mystical, underexplored culture. While discussing mundane tasks such as brushing one’s teeth or going to the doctor, the anthropologist frames them as incredible through language. To avoid this result, writers should avoid emotional descriptions and use words the culture uses, like “dentist, psychologist, medicine cabinet.” It is vital to approach other nations as equals rather than sources of entertainment.
Nonetheless, the article presents some truths about the North American culture. For instance, Miner (1956) correctly notes that many body image problems exist in the country and that people are often uncomfortable with talking about hygiene and personal health. The ritual of storing medication past its expiration date is described correctly. Presenting these concerns from an outsider’s perspective highlights how weird these behaviors may seem to others.
The article by Miner offers a satirical critique of exoticism, the exoticism encountered when people from outside an unfamiliar culture describe its rituals. Nonetheless, the etic approach has benefits, as a perspective from the outside can reveal problems that people inside the culture may overlook. Both emic and etic approaches may be revealing, but the comparison allowed by the etic view shows several cultures – the one under investigation and the one that studies.
Reference
Miner, H. (1956). Body ritual among the Nacirema. American Anthropologist, 58(3), 503-507.