Introduction
For an effective budget, each country has to examine its population to understand the peoples’ needs and expectations. By analyzing the population, the government understands the age, sex, and distribution of its citizens. The following paper discusses population dynamics to determine what affects it and how population growth rate can be controlled.
Population Dynamics Definition
Population is defined as a group of people who live in the same environment at a particular time. Each population is distinct due to various factors such as physical distribution, age, size, and sex. Population dynamics is a scientific field that analyses human population changes such as life expectancy and fertility level in a population (Hummel 34). By focusing on population dynamics, one can determine how, why, and when the difference in a population occurred (Hummel 38).
Factors Affecting Population Dynamics
The first factor that affects population dynamics is birth rate. Birth rate is calculated by dividing the total number of live births by a thousand. High birth rate means that the population size will increase as well as the number of young adults in the society. The second factor is death rate (Mosher 47). A high rate of mortality can drastically reduce the population size. However, if the death rate is minimal, meaning that the life expectancy of a particular population is high then, the population will increase. The third factor that affects population size is immigration. This is the number of individuals moving into a given area permanently.
If there are many immigrants moving into a particular jurisdiction, then the population size will grow. The final factor is emigration rate; this is the number of people moving out of an area permanently (Turchin 54). If this number is high, then the population size will decrease but if there are few emigrants the population may remain the same or increase.
Reason for Increase in Human Population
Human population has increased due to high birth rate and low number of deaths because of medical industry development. Life expectancy ratio has increased, due to the improvement of medical technology (Mosher 62). The mortality rate of children under the age of five has reduced hence, raising the young adult population.
Slowing Population Growth
Due to the decrease in scarce resources, there has been a greater need to control the rate of population growth. The first way of slowing population growth is by controlling the rate of birth to a manageable figure. This can be achieved by educating individuals about the need of having a small family (Mosher 76). States can also restrict the number of children that one can have by formulating laws that prohibit giving birth to many children. Birth rate can also be controlled by encouraging the use of contraceptives to avoid unwanted pregnancies (Turchin 88). To manage the level of population growth, one has to determine the cause of growth first before developing ways to control it.
Conclusion
In conclusion, population dynamics data is useful for many stakeholders in a state since it provides crucial information about a specific population. The rate of population growth has mainly increased due to high birth rate and increased life expectancy. There is always a need to control the level of population growth for many states, to enable them to plan their budget. Birth control is an efficient way of ensuring that the rate of population growth is slow. Educating individuals on the need for family planning and using contraceptives can play a significant role in managing population growth.
Works Cited
Hummel, Diana. Population Dynamics and Supply Systems: A Transdisciplinary Approach. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2008. Print.
Mosher, Steven. Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2008. Print.
Turchin, Peter. Complex Population Dynamics: A Theoretical/Empirical Synthesis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. Print.