Theoretical Perspectives
In The Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society, the authors analyze the history of the emergence and formation of racist principles in Canadian society. It is worth noting that researchers approach the issue from various perspectives to ensure the reasoning is as objective as possible (Henry & Carol, 2010). In particular, they conclude that despite the abundance of prerequisites and reasons for the appearance of discrimination, it applies to all states, and Canada is no exception.
First, the authors analyze the science that contributed to promoting the idea of inequality and the advantages of one race over others. This area is called eugenics, and it is designed to identify and interpret the differences between people in favor of the advantages and natural achievements of one nation or race over another. Then, alongside the analysis of Marxist trends and the societal mood in the 20th century, a definition of institutionalized racism emerges (Henry & Carol, 2010).
It should be emphasized that this definition is particularly important, as it implies the authors’ central thesis: namely, that racism in Canada is an institutionalized phenomenon. This perspective explains a great deal, particularly the reasons behind the relevance of specific discriminatory processes today. The authors note that to explain why society’s best and good intentions do not always work out, it is necessary to consider racism not as a phenomenon, but as a construct and model (Henry & Carol, 2010).
The most striking and firm argument in defense of this position is that group values and ideologies, as well as socio-economic systems, are the reasons for the persistence of racism. This mechanism of action is characteristic of any social institution supported by the same tools (Henry & Carol, 2010). The authors cite the history of Canada and the use of racial classification as the foundation of some modern values, as well as the flourishing criticism of immigrants, characteristic of the 20th century.
It should be noted that, despite its versatility and scientific nature, the work has several disadvantages. The most significant shortcoming is that this article does not devote enough attention to Canada’s history. Abstracting from Canadian society, all the analyzed phenomena are typical of any state. Thus, the authors fail to fully establish the peculiarity and uniqueness of the appearance of racism in Canada.
Racism and Indigenous People
Racism directed against the indigenous population of Canada has a complex character, caused by several currents at once. Here, it is appropriate to mention religious differences between people and the policy of territorial expansionism, as well as ideas about the superiority of the white race. Cruelty and similar prejudices have led to bitter struggles, as a result of which the indigenous people have been the most affected by discrimination (Centennial College, 2018). In particular, one of the consequences of oppression was the almost destruction of the people, their culture, and cities. I consider this part of the story an incommensurable mistake of white people, a manifestation of unreasonable cruelty and selfishness.
Racism and the Justice System
In modern societies, it is characteristic to create and develop a justice system that should protect the rights of citizens. This is especially true of equality and non-discrimination, which are enshrined in the country’s principles and legislation. Although legally, everything is moving towards eliminating prejudice and discrimination, in practice, this is not the case and requires attention (Nagra & Maurutoo, 2016).
One of the most striking situations is the systematic oppression of Canadian Muslims. They are constantly stopped at train stations and airports for inspection. At the same time, oppression occurs, caused by prejudices that Islam promotes terrorist principles or stereotypes about religious clothing worn by Muslims. This is not the only example of systematic oppression of Muslims because the discrimination also extends to their names or appearance. For example, if an individual has an Arabic or religious name, then additional surveillance is established for them, which supposedly justifies depriving them of any rights (Nagra & Maurutoo, 2016).
In addition, this is a generally accepted practice, not an isolated case, and the state or society does not condemn it in any way. Such phenomena once again emphasize the institutionalization of racism in Canadian society. Indeed, discrimination no longer appears as radical as it once did, but this does not mean it has ceased to exist.
Although the above actions can be interpreted as ensuring the safety of society, that is, as a good intention, it should be noted that they are often driven by prejudice and oppression. Such actions are unacceptable and need to be reformed and eliminated. However, this cannot happen by itself; the institution itself must be changed. The most effective methods are the corrections and additions to the country’s existing legislation, which must be tightened in matters of persecution of individuals on racial and other grounds.
References
Centennial College. (2018). Our stories: First peoples in Canada. Web.
Henry, F. & Carol, T. (2010). The colour of democracy: Racism in Canadian society. Nelson.
Nagra, B. & Maurutoo, P. (2016). Cross-border and managing racialized identities: Experiences of security and surveillance among young Canadian Muslims. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 41(2), 165-194. Web.