Patient Health Background
The patient, Mr. C., is a 32-year-old male who reports the subjective data of being obese, experiencing shortness of breath and swollen ankles, and seeking bariatric surgery to address the complications associated with his obesity. Objectively, the patient’s heart rate is elevated, his blood pressure is higher than normal, his respiratory rate is high, and the levels of cholesterol and fasting blood glucose are elevated. His BMI is over 40 due to his height being 68 inches and weight being 134.5 kg.
Potential Health Risks for Obesity
Patients’ obesity is a risk factor for many health issues. Moreover, his elevated blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and cholesterol and glucose levels indicate several potential health risks. In particular, obesity is associated with “chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and an increased risk of several diseases, most notably cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers, and with a decrease in life expectancy” (Wlodarczyk & Nowicka, 2019, p. 1). Given the high risk of developing concurrent diseases threatening the life and safety of the patient, as well as considering the high BMI indicator of over 40, the bariatric surgery intervention is appropriate for Mr. C.
Functional Health Patterns and Potential Problems
Given the information provided by the patient and the results of his assessment, a nurse might interpret his functional health patterns. They include a list of particularities that characterize the patient’s functionality, both physical and psychological (Iannicelli et al., 2019, p. 138). Among the functional patterns that might be considered problematic, one might address the sleep-rest aspect since the patient has trouble sleeping and might experience psychological complexities and tiredness as a result. Furthermore, the activity-exercise functional pattern is characterized by the patient’s limited mobility for his work, which might result in consecutive cardiovascular problems (Iannicelli et al., 2019, p. 138). The health perception pattern is characterized by the patient’s objective understanding of his risks, which has motivated him to adhere to a surgical method of obesity management. Nutrition is another functional health pattern relevant to the case since dietary choices are particularly important in managing obesity (Wlodarczyk & Nowicka, 2019, p. 4). Finally, self-concept is important because, in Mr. C.’s case, it will require him to change his lifelong perception of himself as a large person to change his habits.
Renal Disease Stages and Contributing Factors
Renal disease is one of the risky health conditions for Mr. C., which is associated with the possible complexities of renal elimination under the impact of obesity implications. Renal disease is a complex multi-stage disease that impacts the functionality of kidneys (Rady & Anwar, 2019, p. 1). The first stage is characterized by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 90+; the second stage follows when GFR lowers to 60-89; stage three is characterized by GFR 30-59; and the fourth stage follows when GFR is 15-29 (Rady & Anwar, 2019, p. 3). Ultimately, end-stage renal disease is established when GFR is lower than 15. The contributing factors for the end-stage renal disease include obesity, “hypertension, proteinuria, and hyperphosphatemia” (Rady & Anwar, 2019, p. 3). It is important to implement preventative and health promotion interventions to minimize these risks.
End-Stage Renal Disease Prevention
When preventing End-stage renal disease in Mr. C.’s case, a nurse might propose several interventions aimed at adjusting the lifestyle and treating current health conditions. In particular, educational interventions should be implemented to promote the patient’s awareness and knowledge about proper lifestyle choices, exercise, and dietary habits to control his weight and facilitate weight loss (Wlodarczyk & Nowicka, 2019, pp. 1-3). These aspects of health promotion will help the patient manage his nutrition and weight, thus minimizing the deterioration in blood pressure levels. Furthermore, the patient should obtain treatment for his hypertension to reduce its manifestations and ultimate negative impact on kidney function (Rady & Anwar, 2019, p. 3). Thus, the patient should be advised on healthy physical activity, diet, and current conditions treatment to reduce the risks of developing end-stage renal disease.
Resources Available to End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
There are several resources that might help patients with the end-stage renal disease manage their condition. Firstly, in a non-acute care setting, a patient should have access to dialysis for the supported function of kidneys; similarly, they might consider the resources of kidney transplantation (Rady & Anwar, 2019, p. 1). Secondly, informational resources might be helpful for patients’ independent consideration of treatment options; these resources might include professional consultations, online materials, medical organizations’ leaflets, and other information due to the possible reduced functionality of patients with end-stage renal disease. Specific solutions for their living conditions and transportation might be necessary to accommodate their condition, including wheelchairs, taxis, and others. Furthermore, living conditions should be characterized by the availability of safe and healthy low-sodium food to ensure proper bodily systems’ functioning (Rady & Anwar, 2019, pp. 2-3). Overall, the life of a patient with the end-stage renal disease might be sufficiently maintained if proper resources are provided, lifestyle is adjusted, and treatment is implemented in a timely manner.
References
Iannicelli, A. M., De Matteo, P., Vito, D., Pellecchia, E., Dodaro, C., Giallauria, F., & Vigorito, C. (2019). Use of the North American nursing diagnosis association taxonomies, nursing intervention classification, nursing outcomes classification and NANDA-NIC-NOC linkage in cardiac rehabilitation. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, 89(2), 137-146.
Martin, W. P., White, J., López-Hernández, F. J., Docherty, N. G., & Le Roux, C. W. (2020). Metabolic surgery to treat obesity in diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage kidney disease; what are the unanswered questions?. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 1-23.
Rady, E. H. A., & Anwar, A. S. (2019). Prediction of kidney disease stages using data mining algorithms. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 15, 1-7.
Wlodarczyk, M., & Nowicka, G. (2019). Obesity, DNA damage, and development of obesity-related diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(5), 1-18.