Introduction
Joseph Campbell’s theory of the monomyth, often referred to as the hero’s journey, provides a compelling framework for understanding the narrative structure of various stories. In this analysis, we will apply Campbell’s theory to the classic short story “Thank You, Ma’am” by Langston Hughes. The story explores the transformative journey of a young boy named Roger, who experiences personal growth and redemption through a chance encounter with Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones. In “Thank You, Ma’am” by Langston Hughes, the hero’s journey, as outlined in Joseph Campbell’s monomyth theory, reveals how compassion and mentorship can profoundly transform individuals.
Desperation and Departure
The initial phase of the monomyth, termed “desperation/departure,” is compellingly depicted in “Thank You, Ma’am” as Roger’s desperate bid to steal Mrs. Jones’s purse. From the outset, Roger is introduced as a troubled young individual devoid of proper guidance, resorting to minor theft to survive. His profound desperation compels him to make a fateful choice, initiating the story’s progression.
As he lingers in the shadows, eyeing Mrs. Jones’s purse, the gravity of his circumstances becomes palpable (Campbell et al., 2021). The harsh reality of his existence, marked by neglect and poverty, propels him toward this act of theft, signifying his departure from the conventional boundaries of society and thrusting him into the uncharted territory of potential consequences. This departure lays the foundation for the transformative journey that unfolds in the subsequent stages of the monomyth.
Initiation
The story’s heart lies in the second stage, “initiation.” After Roger’s failed theft, he is apprehended by Mrs. Jones. However, instead of involving the authorities, she takes him to her home and confronts him about his actions (Campbell et al., 2021). This confrontation becomes a pivotal moment in Roger’s life as Mrs. Jones initiates a transformation within him. She not only forgives him but also treats him with kindness and respect.
Roger’s evolution during his time with Mrs. Jones is profound. He begins to grasp the importance of honesty and integrity, and Mrs. Jones imparts valuable life lessons as a mentor. Sharing her own experiences and hardships, she reveals her humanity and vulnerability, fostering a meaningful connection between mentor and hero—a crucial element of the initiation stage. Symbolic cleansing is another noteworthy aspect of Roger’s initiation. Mrs. Jones insists on him washing his face, symbolizing a purification ritual that cleanses him of his metaphorical past sins. This act represents the shedding of his old self, making way for a new, transformed individual.
Return
The third and ultimate phase of the monomyth, the “return,” becomes apparent when Roger gets permission to depart from Mrs. Jones’s residence without facing repercussions. Confronted with a pivotal decision, he finds himself at a crossroads, needing to make a crucial choice between reverting to his former life of misconduct and theft or embracing an alternative route that mirrors the invaluable lessons he absorbed from Mrs. Jones. Roger’s choice to give back Mrs. Jones’s handbag manifests his decision to reenter the world as a transformed individual (Campbell et al., 2021). Rather than surrendering to his prior misconduct, he acknowledges his errors, seeks to make amends, and takes responsibility for his actions. Returning the handbag signifies his dedication to a fresh, more virtuous trajectory.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Langston Hughes’s “Thank You, Ma’am” embodies the hero’s journey as described in Joseph Campbell’s monomyth framework. Roger, the central character, undergoes a significant transformation through desperation/departure, initiation, and return. Mrs. Jones is the guiding mentor, leading Roger on self-discovery, redemption, and personal growth. This narrative highlights universal themes of forgiveness, redemption, and the profound impact of compassion on the human experience.
“Thank You, Ma’am” is a timeless reminder that even in the most challenging moments, acts of kindness and meaningful connections can inspire individuals to surpass their past and embark on a path of positive transformation. As explained by Campbell, the enduring narrative structure of the monomyth continues to strike a chord with readers, establishing this story as a classic example of its application in literature.
Reference
Campbell, J., Mckoy, D. A., Johnson, M. S., & Johnson, M. D. (2021). Oriental mythology. Novato, California: New World Library.
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