Conflict can arise between an individual and a group if this individual takes a position that differs from that of the group. During the functioning of the group norms, standard rules of behavior are developed, which its participants adhere to. Compliance with group norms ensures the acceptance or non-acceptance of an individual by a group. Ways to solve interpersonal conflicts, conflicts between an individual and a group, and intergroup conflicts might be helpful guides for approaching such situations. Humanities help to resolve conflicts using the legal, moral, social, historical, or psychological approach since such disciplines as history, philology, linguistics, psychology, and the whole complex of the humanities are the self-knowledge of mankind.
Pluralism in philosophy is the statement of two or more principles. Pluralistic philosophy combines various concepts of its predecessors, while these combinations can be both eclectic and non-eclectic. Eclectics is the combination of dissimilar ideas and views. The pluralistic approach is organized around the idea that the state is a product of interaction between freely formed interest groups. In the context of civic life, critical thought, and human society, such political and social dangers as wars and conflicts can be minimized by employing a more eclectic and pluralistic approach to human interaction.
An eclectic approach allows the use and combination within the framework of one method of the features inherent in different, including opposite, methods. By contrast, there are social norms, generally accepted rules, and patterns of behavior, designed to ensure orderliness. Despite all people being free and equal in their dignity and rights, they should observe the set of norms that constitutes an integral system, the various elements of which are interdependent.
Cornel West speaks about the existential experience, which is interpreted in two forms: as a phenomenon of individual formation and a socio-cultural phenomenon associated with the structure of values. Existential experience acts as a personal history of existence, during which a person clarifies the values. According to West, self-esteem is related to substantive self-enhancement while narcissism is related to superficial self-enhancement.
Therefore, it is important to distinguish between them. He also says that “looking beyond one’s egocentric predicament” helps to overcome many barriers to understanding, and helps to withstand difficulties and setbacks. He also says that doubts decrease the force of the argument provoking intellectual dizziness. The most meaningful takeaway from watching West’s lecture is the understanding that existential experience can be considered cognition. The position of the individual in the face of insurmountable dichotomies requires developing his or her strategy for coping with them.
Philosophy and psychology are my favorite disciplines since they are dedicated to the current problems of self-knowledge and self-development, as well as reveal the concepts, structure, mechanisms, and barriers to self-development. Their role and significance in human life are enormous since they help to find the meaning of life through understanding one’s personality. Moreover, they allow the development and realizing a person’s potential, come to terms with shortcomings, and become more self-confident. The other two disciplines for which I may be growing into a fuller appreciation are religion and law.
They are also important since religious norms regulate relations among believers. At the same time, by analogy with national and international law, one can speak of religious norms that regulate and protect relations within one community. Law and religion act as independent regulatory and protective systems that have a great impact on society.