Since the Civil War, the balance of power between the federal government and the states has undergone significant changes. The Union’s triumph in the war resulted in the eradication of slavery and the ratification of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution (Diffley, 2020; OU IACH, 2013). These amendments empowered the federal government to uphold civil rights and safeguard individual liberties despite state resistance. Today, the federal government wields substantial influence in numerous domains of public policy, encompassing healthcare, education, environmental regulation, and national security. Although there exist instances where the federal government has exceeded its authority, its involvement has been crucial in safeguarding individual rights and promoting a more just allocation of resources and opportunities.
Furthermore, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the tension between federal and state authorities. Zhang and Warner (2020) highlighted on policy differences across states, from lockdowns to mask mandates. The Tenth Amendment states that the federal government specifically holds the power delegated by the Constitution. Some hold the belief that the federal government’s power should be limited, granting greater autonomy to states in determining their policies and laws (OU IACH, 2013). This perspective is typically linked to conservative and libertarian political viewpoints that emphasize individual freedom and minimal government intervention. Conversely, others contend that federalism is crucial for maintaining a healthy democracy (OU IACH, 2013). The viewpoint is related to progressive political ideologies that prioritize social justice and equality.
In summary, the power balance between the federal government and states has been shaped by diverse political ideologies and historical events. Before the Civil War, states held more power and were viewed as sovereign entities with distinct rights and duties. However, the growth of the national economy and increased interdependence of states led to a shift towards federal authority. Nevertheless, maintaining an appropriate power balance necessitates adherence to Constitutional and legal precedent. Overall, it is crucial to ensure that decisions made by the states and federal government are guided by a dedication to democratic principles, equality, and justice.
References
Diffley, K. (2020). Where my heart is turning ever: Civil War stories and Constitutional reform, 1861-1876. University of Georgia Press. Web.
OU IACH. (2013). Federalism & the Constitution: The 17th Amendment [Video]. YouTube. Web.
Zhang, X., & Warner, M. E. (2020). COVID-19 Policy Differences across US States: Shutdowns, reopening, and mask mandates. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(24), 9520. Web.