Several factors influence the rate of diseases and amount of mortality. It is important to know the fundamental patterns, which lead from behavioral, socioeconomic, biological, psychological, and lifestyle to a certain disease development. However, several environmental and social factors seem to have wide and imprecise effects on a wide range of health results influencing disease developments, which lead to high rate of mortality.
Sex and age have usually been leading causes of disease and mortality, which is impossible to reject them in all the studies. These, obviously, are social and biological factors, which create it hard to understand the effects. Women account more ill health and use more health care facilities than men use, but they have benefit of longevity of around eight years (Cassel, 2007). Studies of morbidity by sex reported that diseases, which are more common in women, are not often critical, whereas those reported more prevalent among men are mainly cardiovascular diseases. The lower susceptibility of women to men-related diseases is partly biological, though lifestyle variables possibly contribute mainly also. More of sex disparity in mortality is connected to lifestyle and behavioral factors like violence, smoking, thrill seeking, and excessive drinking (Green, n.d; Snooks, 2009, p.20).
There are enough reports that health and mortality are mainly influenced by employment status, education, marital status, psychological welfare, social and economic status, religious involvement, poverty, and better living standards (Cohen, Chávez, & Chehim, 2010, p.394). These variables are relatively interconnected and precise analysis should distinguish confounded effects. Furthermore, cause and effect are not understandable, and the relationship with health status can reveal the point that people experiencing certain health characteristics choose themselves, or are chosen, into different social state. For instance, people who are divorced can vary in various ways from people who are married and people who engage in society matters are unlike those who are inactive. Factors related with selection can make up various relations, which are normally found.
Poverty has a social and economic factor has commonly been linked with unpleasant health condition and poor life expectancy (Christensen, Martin, & Smyth, 2004, p.134; Craighead & Nemeroff, 2002, p.23). These influences are highest for people who are most disadvantaged. Minimal income is connected with several factors affecting health like shelter, nutrition, accessibility of suitable health care facilities, social pressure, environmental risks, and psychological suffering. Further than the effects of income, schooling has more effects on health status; education is believably connected with health habits, enhanced adjusting abilities, and a better sense of self-belief and self-worth. People with more education have lower risks to diseases and live on longer.
Another factor affecting health condition is marital status, equivalent in amount to the influences of people’s sex. While men are favored by marriage than women, both are in better position than unmarried and mainly compared with divorced people Violence, drinking, smoking, and accidents are some of the outcomes from disaffection and suffering which going with divorce (Barlow & Durand, 2011, p.45). Marriage, certainly, is an influential social factor and not only normally offers traditional routines relative to diet, sleep, and other issues, but as well includes strong hopes, personal dedications, and ambitions further than personal interests.
Assimilation into better social networks of relations will offers a ground for individual and social commitment as well as providing an established and health supporting habit, physical support, and social assistance when required. Group relationship can act as a source for personal satisfaction and confidence also. Whereas the idea of social integration entails various contributory interpretations and analyzes, particularly emphasized on psychological distress, showed noticeably that individual distress is often linked with various physical symptoms causing health issues (Huang & Chen, 2012).
References
Barlow, D., & Durand, M. (2011). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.
Cassel, P. (2007). Physical Illness. Social Stress. Health Matters and Solutions , 5(2): 2-32.
Christensen, A. C., Martin, R., & Smyth, J. (2004). Encyclopedia of health psychology. New York: Springer.
Cohen, L., Chávez, V., & Chehim, S. (2010). Prevention Is Primary: Strategies for Community Well Being. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley and Sons.
Craighead, E., & Nemeroff, C. (2002). The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science. London: John Wiley and Sons.
Green, Lawrence. (n.d). Social and Behavioral Factors [Audio Podcast]. Web.
Huang, Y.-H., & Chen, Y.-H. (2012). Incidence, Mortality, and Causes of Death. Journal of Investigative Dermatology , 132: 91–98.
Snooks, M. (2009). Health Psychology: Biological, Psychological, and Sociocultural Perspectives. SudBury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.