Introduction
Bipolar disorder is a complex psychological condition that is not fully understood. However, it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There are two central categories of bipolar disorder: type 1 and type 2, although type cyclothymia is closely associated with type 1 bipolar. This essay analyses the diagnosis, assessment, considerations, and treatment options for type 1 bipolar, comparing it with cyclothymia.
Prevalence and Neurobiology
Bipolar 1 is a mental disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings. These mood swings can range from periods of extreme happiness, energy, and productivity, commonly known as manic episodes, to periods of deep depression and lethargy, lasting for at least seven days, a unique characteristic of bipolar 1 patients (Romo-Nava & McElroy, 2020). People with bipolar 1 often have difficulty functioning and may need to be hospitalized during manic episodes.
Bipolar 1 and Cyclothymia
Bipolar 1 is characterized by a manic episode lasting at least seven days. In contrast, cyclothymia is characterized by a less severe form of mania and depression. DSM 5 TR suggests that the main difference between the two conditions is that cyclothymia’s symptoms usually persist for more extended periods, for around two years, although the symptoms might be mild. On the other hand, bipolar 1 usually presents with severe symptoms that reflect changes in occupational and social functioning (Romo-Nava & McElroy, 2020). In terms of presentation of symptoms, bipolar disorder is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated mood, accompanied by grandiose or delusional thinking or a decreased need for sleep. On the other hand, cyclothymia is characterized by periods of hypomania, a less severe form of mania, alternating with periods of depressive symptoms (Allez, 2018). However, both disorders lead to impairment in work and social aspects.
Populations Affected by Bipolar 1 and Cyclothymia
There are a few things to consider when treating bipolar 1 disorder and cyclothymia. Children and adolescents may be more vulnerable to developing bipolar disorder or cyclothymia due to the changes in their brain and hormones, which are most active during this period. Moreover, older adults may also be at a higher risk for these conditions due to age-related changes in the brain. Pregnant and postpartum mothers have an increased risk of both disorders due to the changes in their hormones and brain that trigger mood swings (Allez, 2018). Furthermore, emergency care for bipolar disorder or cyclothymia may be necessary if the individual is experiencing a severe manic or depressive episode to prevent harm to themselves or others.
Legal and Ethical Considerations
It is essential to ensure that the patient has been diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional. This is important to ensure that the patient is receiving the correct treatment and avoid any potential legal issues. Clinicians must attain and respect a patient’s consent and wishes during developing a plan of care to protect the patient’s rights and ensure that they are comfortable with the treatment they are receiving. Suggested treatment options must be safe and effective, with no potential for harm to the patient. It is ethical to provide all necessary information concerning bipolar 1 patients and the available treatment options, including their strengths and weaknesses (Allez, 2018). This information aids the patients in making informed choices regarding their treatment.
Cultural and Social Considerations
Health caregivers should provide bipolar 1 patients with information about their treatment that is culturally sensitive and takes into account their beliefs. Besides, the care provided should be culturally competent, which entails taking a considerable assessment of a patient’s cultural background. The provider should be aware of the potential social implications of the treatment options and take steps to minimize any negative impacts (Strakowski et al., 2020). Some social considerations by clinicians include ensuring patients can access the necessary resources.
Pharmacological Treatments for Bipolar 1
The FDA and clinical practice have approved many pharmacological treatments for bipolar 1 disorder, including mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Mood stabilizers are the most commonly prescribed medication for bipolar 1 condition. They work by helping to even out the highs and lows of mood swings. Examples of mood stabilizers include lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine. Another category of bipolar 1 drugs is antipsychotics, which reduce the symptoms of psychosis, which can include hallucinations and delusions. Standard antipsychotics include olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. In some cases, antidepressants can be administered for bipolar 1 disorder. They can help to stabilize mood changes and improve symptoms of depression (Strakowski et al., 2020). Common antidepressants include fluoxetine, sertraline, and bupropion, which should be taken per the physician’s guidance.
Formulating Prescriptions
The prescriptions must be specific on when taken, the amount, and the route used to get the medication to the body. For instance, in the case of Marcus, Lithium Carbonate 300mg, one tablet by mouth twice a day could be prescribed. Another drug option is Quetiapine 200mg, one tablet orally at bedtime 3. Lamotrigine 100mg, one tablet twice daily, taken orally. The doctor should also specify the side effects and notify the patients of the symptoms that require a physician’s attention.
Conclusion
Diagnosing and treating all conditions, including bipolar 1, requires qualified personnel. There are close relations between some disorders, like Bipolar 1 and Cyclothymia, and clinicians must be kept to make a proper diagnosis to ensure treatment of the correct disease. Thus, assessments must be thorough and include social, cultural, and personal considerations to ensure that they adhere to clinical guidelines to accomplish patient-centered care. Caregivers must ensure they provide prescriptions that follow the ones approved by both clinical practice and the FDA.
References
Allez, G. H. (2018). Cyclothymia and the bipolar spectrum. Infant Losses, Adult Searches, 165–172.
Romo-Nava, F., & McElroy, S. L. (2020). Neurobiology of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorder, 141–154.
Strakowski, S. M., Almeida, J. R., & DelBello, M. P. (2020). Psychopharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorder, 191–232.