Changes in the thyroid gland’s functioning can proceed, firstly, in two directions as hypo and hyperthyroidism. Besides, for each of the conditions, groups of primary, secondary, and extra-thyroidal causes can be distinguished (Taylor et al., 2018). Although most hypothyroidism cases are associated with an insufficient amount of iodine in the body or chronic immune thyroiditis, other possible causes must also be considered to analyze the situation. Among the primary reasons, iatrogenic, associated with radioiodine or surgery, genetic, and those caused by various medical drugs, for example, amiodarone, are also distinguished (Taylor et al., 2018). This condition can also develop due to hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction or failure or genetic mutations in specific tissues (Taylor et al., 2018). Hyperthyroidism manifests itself on the other side, for example, through excessive consumption of iodine, as in the Jod-Basedow effect. Besides, developmental causes may be inappropriate TSH secretion or excessive secretion or consumption of thyroid hormones (Taylor et al., 2018). Thus, there are many ways of occurrence and development of changes in the thyroid gland’s functioning. Therefore, before choosing a specific treatment path, it is necessary to conduct a detailed study of the patient’s history through a series of tests and screenings.
References
Pfeffer, M. A., Shah, A. M., & Borlaug, B. A. (2019). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in perspective. Circulation Research, 124(11), 1598-1617.
Taylor, P. N., Albrecht, D., Scholz, A., Gutierrez-Buey, G., Lazarus, J. H., Dayan, C. M., & Okosieme, O. E. (2018). Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 14(5), 301-316.