This book discusses intrinsic business ethics. Specifically, it identifies the theoretical aspects of absolutist and relativist decision making processes in the business environment. Among the key theories discussed are ethical relativism and ethical absolutism.
In fusing theoretical framework with application, the authors discuss propelling factors that increase interconnection and independence of the world’s ethics and businesses theories.
Besides, the aspect of foresight is introduced as a very crucial element in business ethics theories since it gives a company rough perspective and overview of the future concerning the expected and unexpected changes and challenges.
Across the first chapter of the book, trend is introduced as entailing those patterns that revolutionize and changes over time in ethical business environment. In relation to personal foresight, change patterns to visualize future changes are presented as part of personal culture for ethical dilemma solution.
Personal culture encompasses shared beliefs, values and ethics in management (Crane, & Matten, 2007, p. 92). The authors concentrate on universal ethical decision making processes.
They assert that when decisions are made on universal appropriate management culture, the outcome are pleasing and convenient for operation in short and long term.
If these principles are internalized in the management and the workforce, they appreciate the need to uphold the social interaction standards based on what is universally ‘right’.
Notwithstanding, the book discusses the aspect of a sense of pride. When inculcated in a group that strives to live as per the internalized identity code of conduct, community aspect in ethical decision making will climax with changed behavioral patterns.
In precision, for these decisions to hold and be positively assimilated into the work environment, a series of tests should be carried out by gathering facts and incorporating them in defined issues surrounding ethics (Crane, & Matten, 2007, p. 102).
The authors have designed an utilitarian analysis of ethical dilemma as part of business ethics. The key issues identified include the need for being subjective, quantification of underlying problems, and utility distribution.
Besides, the book discusses non consequential ethical business theories, such as ethical duties and ethics of rights and justice. Attitudes are described as direct personal experiences that are influenced by consumer’s personality, advertisement, family and friends.
On the other hand, perceptions are presented as unique ways through which businesses internalizes and interprets information about business ethics.
In the categorical imperative analysis, the aspect of morality is important in balancing theory and practice. Business ethics theories have been applied to study ethical dilemmas. However, gaps still exist between the traditional and contemporary theories that warrant further studies.
Business ethics is presented as influenced by internal and external factors. The authors list internal influences as personal feelings and the ones that include self-concept, motivation, attitudes, emotions and perceptions.
These factors generally influence perception, decision patterns, and attitude employees develop towards a product or a service offered by business (Crane, & Matten, 2007, p. 104).
Besides, these factors are directly linked to internal and external interacting social aspects that control the pattern of though and expressed feelings.
Reference List
Crane, A, & Matten, D 2007, “Evaluating Business Ethics: Normative Ethical Theories” in A Crane & D Matten (eds), Business Ethics, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 86-115.