Rehabilitation model
This model approaches crime by assuming that the best treatment for any crime is treating the causative factors associated with the crime. These may be social, economic, or personal factors. For instance, unemployment is usually perceived as one of the greatest simulators of criminal activities. This model thus advocates for the increment of the crime perpetrators’ chances of employment to curb crime. This can be achieved by either altering the laws and negotiating with employers or imparting the crime perpetrators with the relevant job skills for the marketplace. A theory under this model is the routine activity theory. This theory believes that crime must occur particularly in areas where it is more lucrative in terms of pay. Curbing it calls for advancing better paying legal activities. Under the model, people only resort to crime since there are no other sources of income available (Phillips 32).
Non-interventional model
According to this model, the reason behind many crimes in society is purely due to the extreme pressure from the legislative bodies. People have been portrayed as criminals and therefore they only strive to make the assertion true. In the process, the crime rate increases alarmingly. The non-intervention model advocates for non-interference. This will allow people to return to the mindset of being viewed as criminal and in the process desire to change. The social control theory falls under this model. It states that society carries the entire responsibility of ensuring a given level of stability in every individual (Phillips 32).
Equal Justice Model
Under this model, every criminal is responsible for his criminal activities despite his economic background, social status, or ethnicity. There exist society laws that govern every individual’s actions and these should be applied indiscriminately. Under this model, the best method to combat crime is to ensure there are severe consequences for each and every action. The theory closely related to it is the choice theory. According to the theory, every individual who opts to commit a crime weighs the benefits of the crime and the possible punishment before making their choice. Since they are well aware of the consequences, they should be punished when found guilty. This may act as a lesson to others and cause them to reconsider engaging in criminal activities.
Due Process model
According to this model, the reason for the increased crime rate is due to the criminalization of certain activities. If the legislature had not declared certain activities as criminal, the crime rate in these activities would not have increased. The critical theory falls under this model. It states that a person considers the consequences of their actions before participating.
Life-course versus Latent theory
Under life course theory, the life experiences in one’s life determine their involvement in the crime. Stress resulting from these traumatic experiences is what drives people into crime. The theory views crime as a dynamic process instilled slowly into a person’s life. On the other hand, the latent trait theory depicts criminal activities as a result of a certain trait that causes particular people to engage in criminal activities when under duress or when pushed in a specific direction. It views crime as a psychological process rather than a dynamic one.
Cybercrime
Neutralization refers to methods that permit one to rationalize or justify criminal acts while the rational choice theory recognizes the presence of reasons thought through before any criminal activity is carried out. Based on the above definitions, cybercrime refers to criminal activities perpetrated through a network. Before engaging in such a cybercrime, the perpetrator has to have a substantial reason, for instance, secure vital information. This amounts to rational choice theory. When the crime is discovered one can deny responsibility or simply condemn the condemners. This amounts to neutralization (Willison 212).
Works Cited
Phillips, Scott. “Criminology: Legal Disparity in the Capital of Capital punishment.” The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology. 2009: 1-40.
Willison, Robert. “Understanding and Addressing Criminal Opportunity: The Application of Situational Crime Prevention to IS Security”. Journal of Financial Crime. (2000): 201-210.