Introduction
The practice of promoting health is an urgent task of modern medicine where much attention is paid to not only prevention but also to real interventions aimed at improving the health of the population. In the conditions of constant innovations and changes in control systems over healthcare quality, the importance of documents defining relevant services’ modes of operation increases. Acts that have become turning points in the transition from disease prevention to health promotion, such as the Ottawa Charter and the Jakarta Declaration, will be reviewed. These two documents focus onthe determinants of health, and their impact on the quality of public well-being is significant.
The Jakarta Declaration and the Ottawa Charter
The Jakarta Declaration was the document that influenced the reorganization of activities based on the transition from health prevention to promotion. It was signed in 1997, and one of its key provisions was revising the determinants of health as the crucial elements of medical practice (World Health Organization, 2019a). As real intervention measures to maintain the innovations discussed, investment was suggested as an aspect of the target activity.
The Ottawa Charter was another document that also had an important place in the mechanism of the transition from prevention to promotion. According to the World Health Organization (2019b), it was signed in 1986, and one of the merits of this act was listing the key components of health, which were called prerequisites. In particular, the responsibility of both medical providers and the public was mentioned, and the basic indicators of well-being were cited (World Health Organization, 2019b). Both documents reviewed became valuable sources contributing to the promotion of health and not just its prevention.
Determinants of Health
The work of medical providers is associated not only with practical cases of care but also with other aspects, in particular, the analysis of factors affecting people’s well-being. These factors are called determinants and are criteria that largely determine the health status of the population. According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2019a), their list is extensive; therefore, there are several groups that combine specific factors. In particular, these determinants include policymaking, social aspects, health services, individual behavior, and biology and genetics (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2019a). Their impact on health is significant and justifies certain intervention programs. For instance, individual habits determine the mode of citizens’ lifestyle. Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the overall statistics of chronic diseases. The work of health services, in turn, affects the quality of care. Therefore, all these determinants should be taken into account when analyzing the healthcare system.
Determinants of Health: Healthy People 2020
The Healthy People 2020 program has a number of goals where the aforementioned determinants play a significant role. According to this plan, more than 1,200 objectives are set, and high-priority issues are identified based on the current state of Americans’ health (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2019b). Indicators from different areas are taken into account, and relevant boards work to ensure that contemporary health promotion tasks are addressed.
Conclusion
Such documents as the Ottawa Charter and the Jakarta Declaration are important acts that changed the order of work in the transition from health prevention to its promotion. In the course of medical providers’ activities, a number of nuances are taken into account, including special criteria called determinants. These factors are addressed by the current Healthy People 2020 program and are the essential indicators of the quality of targeted work in the provision of medical services to the population.
References
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2019a). Determinants of health. Web.
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2019b). Leading health indicators. Web.
World Health Organization. (2019a). Jakarta Declaration on leading health promotion into the 21st century. Web.
World Health Organization. (2019b). The Ottawa Charter for health promotion. Web.