Introduction
DNA is a group of molecules that are the custodian of human genetic information and are responsible for heredity. Its structure is a double helix, the main contents of which are nucleotides (Girard, 2018). Since DNA can allow a person to be identified, it is valuable for investigative purposes. One of the newest methods in forensics is the study of information encoded in hair proteins, which involves an in-depth reading of the human genetic code.
Organization of DNA
DNA is made up of molecules consisting of nucleotides, which include sugar and phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base. Sugar and phosphate groups bind nucleotides in a DNA chain (Girard, 2018). Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are nitrogenous bases (Girard, 2018).
Adenine, combining with thymine, and guanine with cytosine, create the pairs necessary for the organization of the double helix. The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds, twisting around to form chromosomes, each containing one molecule (Girard, 2018). The study of the structure of DNA helps forensic scientists and biologists expand knowledge about the human genome.
New Method of Human Identification by Hair Proteins
DNA research methods in forensics are constantly being improved, and in modern times, a small amount of biomaterial is needed to recognize the offender. In 2016, an identification method was developed that used data encoded in hair proteins (Girard, 2018). The study proves that a hair from any body part is enough to identify a person (Girard, 2018).
Analysis of protein identification markers can be effectively used as evidence in criminalistics. The new identification method is helpful because a crime score can often represent a small amount of the offender’s biomaterial. Hair protein research will make proving sexualized crimes easier and less traumatic for the victim.
Conclusion
In conclusion, DNA provides forensic scientists with valuable information for identifying a criminal. Since DNA stores genetic data, new ways are being developed to identify a person, even from the smallest amount of biomaterial. One of the recent breakthroughs has been the proof that a person can be identified by studying the structure of the hair protein, not only from the head but from other parts of the body. The development of biology, forensics, and expertise is based on discoveries in studying the human genome.
Reference
Girard, J. E. (2018). Criminalistics: Forensic science, crime, and terrorism (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.