Introduction
Over the years health care has transformed to become more complex in nature especially across the various disciplines throughout the world. New adaptive systems that have been incorporated into the health care have come to be regarded as individual agents that possess freedom to act in unpredictable ways. Concepts like knowledge translation have also been incorporated into the health care systems, which represents the notion of “translating research into practice”. Health care systems are faced with policy challenge that is attributed to technological innovation, cost control and quality of care. However, this is not the case in middle and low income countries that have to work extra hard to incorporate research evidence in their systematic review.
Health care models
There is enough evidence incorporated in health care system to indicate that the study evidence incorporated into the clinical practice is not consistent despite implementation of various strategies. Models have been developed for the sole reason of comprehending the knowledge translation concept. This has led the categorization of the research practice continuum into two. The first category is categorized by attaining the evidence straight, and the second category is categorized by attaining the evidence used. Pyramid-like models have been developed with the understanding of a hierarchic scheme being put across. At the highest peak of evidence pyramid, systems are regarded as clinical information support tools that can be incorporated in the patient’s record.
NICE programs
NICE, which is referred to as National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellent is part of the British National Health Establishment that was set up in 1999 and mandated with the task of developing standards to be used in adopting new technologies into the health care system. The institute incorporates 4 different programs that are generally regarded as NICE guidance. The NICE programs are founded on methods that are fully systematic in terms of review as well as cost-effectiveness measures that are attributed to economic modeling. In addition to this, the NICE programs are structured by different advisory groups whose members are from the various medical practitioners. Stakeholders who include the patients and the professionals are mainly incorporated throughout the different stages and are attributed to attaining complete access to systematic reviews.
Middle and low income countries
Despite the numerous studies conducted and numerous drugs developed, infectious diseases are still a menace in the middle and low income countries. As the new drugs continue to develop, the outcomes in these developing countries continue to change thus affecting the overall health system. Through the intervention of the World Health organization, evidence based policies have been formulated that help to develop health care ingredients and effective prevention strategies. In these developing countries malaria is still considered as an endemic. By use of evidence based, the WHO has managed to advocate for the reintroduction of amodiaquine as a malaria treatment measure.
Conclusion
A complex adaptive system is regarded as combination of individual agents that possess freedom to act in ways that are unpredictable. In addition to this the actions of these individual agents are linked in the sense that action on one sector changes the other agent’s context. Clinical guidelines have been incorporated as part and parcel of clinical practice over the last decade or so. In other word guidelines have come to be regarded as statements that have been developed systematically for the sole aim of assisting medical practitioners in making patient’s decisions on appropriate health care.