The study of various programs aimed at limiting the level of global poverty is of practical importance. It is possible to identify the weaknesses and strengths of each proposed course of action and make the necessary changes to them. Henceforth, this proposal aims to study such aspects as proposals for global poverty reduction finance, social assistance and protection programs, international public finance, Universal Healthcare coverage, and Universal primary and secondary education. In addition, the work tries to suggest why these approaches why these measures have not been put into place, why they often do not work, and the barriers to them working.
Poverty is a severe problem for the population of many underdeveloped countries of the world. Various programs are introduced to get rid of it, but not all of them have the expected effect. For example, one of such initiatives is social assistance and social protection programs, which ensure the safety and creation of various labor programs that will help increase the number of the working population. Despite the fact that they are noted as one of the most effective, there are many cases in that social assistance has not had the expected success. Therefore, sources note that “Social assistance fails to reach the poorest in low-income countries across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia” (Parekh & Bandiera, 2020, p. 1). This circumstance is due to the fact that in the poorest countries, there is limited access, quality, and degree of data.
Another approach to reducing the number of people living far below the lowest subsistence level is proposals for global poverty reduction finance. This approach provides the low-earning population access to various kinds of financial services. The main goal of this initiative is to establish stable and developing macroeconomic stability and constant economic growth (Omar & Inaba, 2020). Moreover, it should provide more jobs and poverty reduction in underdeveloped countries. Nevertheless, the financing does not have the expected successes and only has disadvantages. Therefore, people in the poor group do not always need financial services due to the lack of necessary resources. In some cases, there may be problems such as a high level of debt due to high-interest rates on loans. Moreover, this program requires relatively high expenditures from the state budget, which also limits its success.
The following approach to combat global poverty is international public finance. This aspect implies the financing of transnational public policy purposes, which are aimed at solving a particular problem (Greenhill et al., 2015). Research states that “Future success against poverty will depend heavily on the policies adopted by governments in developing countries, at all income levels” (Ravallion, 2012, para. 21). One of the reasons why such programs do not always have the expected effectiveness and fail is unpredictable failures in the private market. Moreover, another factor of impact is government shortcomings, which require some changes for more effective interventions to combat poverty.
Another aspect that needs to be considered in the framework of this scientific work is Universal Healthcare Coverage. First of all, it is worth noting that the acquisition of a high-quality level of health and well-being is an integral part and right of any person. Furthermore, the program under consideration includes a state initiative, which implies that individuals can receive health services without problems related to the financial side. In addition, this program involves the provision of services such as health promotion, treatment, rehabilitation, and many others aimed at improving the condition of patients.
The problem that arises in most countries is that each sets minimum standards for its healthcare coverage and the aspects that will regulate its implementation. Thus, each state also determines the population groups that fall under this program. Therefore, this method of financing and support may not cover the entire population, and some may still suffer from a lack of medical services. Moreover, due to the high number of people living below the poverty line, there are cases when long waiting periods for a doctor are formed. Hence, diseases only progress and reduce the level of health in the country. Additionally, the Universal Healthcare Coverage program can be quite expensive for some states that are struggling with its budget.
Education, along with healthcare, is one of the essential parts of any person’s life. Further, to provide such an opportunity for all individuals, the universal primary and secondary education program was created. This initiative was developed to increase the level of education of the population in all countries of the world. This is because the more people have an education, the more successful the country’s development is from the economic, political, and social sides. However, this program has some significant drawbacks that prevent it from having significant effectiveness and success. Moreover, they are often not supported by all the teachers who take part in it. This is because these programs have some problems and cause concerns about their application in educational practice. Hence, this is reflected in low wages, incorrect conditions for training, and a general lack of support.
Case Study on Social Protection Mechanisms in the Global South
Further, this part of the academic work considers a case study that examines social protection mechanisms in the global South. For this purpose, the literary source of the authors Hickey et al. was used under the title “The politics of social protection in Eastern and Southern Africa”. This source provides valuable information about the above-mentioned measures and why they did not have the expected effectiveness.
Therefore, the source under study emphasizes the importance of social protection, which is one of the critical programs that are currently included in international policy and practice. In addition to including this aspect in measures to improve the situation in the fight against poverty, it is actively promoted to attract public attention and spread awareness. However, despite such coverage, the source emphasizes the hyperbolic character of these events due to the fact that the implemented social protection measures provide productive results. Thus, one of the reasons why the program is not effective is the shift of attention of political elites away from the actual implementation of social protection programs. The negative consequences of such an attitude seriously affect the preservation of a high level of poverty. Moreover, there is a change in relations between the state and society because, despite the promotion of programs, there are no significant changes. In addition, the source notes that close mutual relations between the authorities, global development agencies, and political and bureaucratic elites affect the low productivity of funding and social protection programs.
In conclusion, this work considered the issue of getting rid of global poverty in developing countries. This is important as it also enables countries to improve the social, economic, and political indicators of the state. Within the framework of this study, such poverty reduction programs as global poverty reduction finance, social assistance and protection, international public finance, Universal Healthcare coverage, and Universal primary and secondary education were also considered. The scientific paper provided the reasons why these initiatives are not successful enough and considered the sources that support this point of view.
References
Greenhill, R., Carter, P., & Manuel, M. (2015). Financing the future: how international public finance should fund a global social compact to eradicate poverty.ODI. Web.
Hickey, S., Lavers, T., Niño-Zarazúa, M, & Seekings, J. (2019). The politics of social protection in Eastern and Southern Africa.Oxford University Press. Web.
Omar, M. A., & Inaba, K. (2020). Does financial inclusion reduce poverty and income inequality in developing countries? A panel data analysis.Journal of Economic Structures, 9(1), 1-25. Web.
Parekh, N. & Bandiera, O. (2020). Do social assistance programmes reach the poor? Micro-evidence from 123 countries.International Growth Center. Web.
Ravallion, M. (2012). Should we care equally about poor people wherever they may live?. World Bank Blog. Web.