Economics Essay Examples and Topics

Introduction Food wastage is a common phenomenon all over the world, despite many developing and less developed countries facing high rates of food shortage. In the US, tonnes of food end up into waste due to poor food storage and consumption systems. Therefore, there is a need for concerted efforts among all stakeholders in the […]

The criteria of self-reference and its importance to the emergent firm in the international markets In the twenty first century, international marketing remains one of the most important factors for corporations engaging in the international trade regardless of size and shape. Many medium sized and big global companies engage in the international business since it […]

Introduction Liquid Animation This is an entertainment company that is located in the Brisbane. It is known to produce educative, informational, and enlightening and entertainment materials that adapts to the most modern technology. It is known to produce high classic series of animation and general media resources in all the aspects and forms such as […]

Introduction Globalization is defined as the process through which trade and investment barriers are gradually eliminated. It is aimed at achieving efficiency in economic activities by initiating competitiveness while attempting to improve social and economic development. However, there are many misconceptions about the concept. The concept has been in existence for a long period of […]

Introduction In highly competitive industries such as the fast food or quick service restaurant (QSR) industry, a strong brand name typically marks the difference between success and failure. A strong, recognizable brand allows a QSR firm to best its competitors simply because customers have an expectation of the brand that translates into a form of […]

Students joining the 21st Century workforce face an occupational world literally unrecognizable to their parents’ generation. Industries, organizations, management and employees around the world are now interconnected in a truly Global Economy; a network that seems to ignore or subordinate geographic, political and even cultural differences for better or worse. Globalization has flattened the world […]

Introduction The People’s Republic of China initiated far reaching reforms in its external sector in 1978. The country instituted broad based macroeconomic reforms and restricting programs. This has contributed to the rise of its GDP, global share of trade, and investment in the last two decades (Kraay, 2000, pp.545). There has been rise in productivity […]

The world is fast changing into one big village. Cultural diversity, religion, race, and differences in ideology, which have created barriers among nations, are fast fading as people learn to accept and tolerate each other. The free flow of capital and labor among nations give evidence of this change. The political, economic, and socio-cultural turbulence […]

Introduction Hospitality industry is considered as one of the fastest expanding sectors globally. This is largely due to globalization. Most companies were traditionally fixed to national boundaries until recently when advancement in among others, infrastructure and technology enabled further expansion. This has brought about several changes in organizational structure of the industry. Moreover, the industry […]

Contemporary information and communication technologies (ICTs) are today, more than ever before, connecting organizations in new and novel ways and, as a direct consequence, allowing them to develop new and time-tested competencies for competing successfully in the ever turbulent business environment. ICTs make it possible for organizations to corroborate not only on designing and improving […]

Qantas and virgin Australia share many similarities since they are in the same industry. Both companies make sure that services offered to their customers are paramount hence making them acquire individual market share. This is done by these companies making sure that their airlines have records of safety. Consumers prefer travelling with airlines with a […]

Concept of Regional Integration The term “regional integration” is not easy to define, but attempts to understand it have been made for years. In general terms, regional integration refers to the ‘unification of nation states into a larger whole’ (Viner 1). It has been commonly described as a process that entails a country’s will to […]

Costs are incurred in the process of producing goods and services. The costs incurred can be classified into direct and indirect costs. This essay briefly discusses direct and indirect costs in regard to the process of production. Direct costs are the expenses which can be attributed directly to a specific project. For instance, the cost […]

Introduction The most recent US Treasury Department’s review of foreign trading partner’s exchange rate policies revealed that China is manipulating the value of its currency to boost its global competitiveness. A careful analysis of all evidence on this issue clearly indicates that China has surpassed all well-established limits which have been previously used to establish […]

Introduction Eclectic paradigm is a theory used in the field of business economics. It is also referred to as OLI-Framework or OLI-Model, and has been related to international business through the advantages it possesses, which benefit multinational corporations. It is describes an improvement of Dunning theory of internalization that was based on transaction cost theory. […]

Background information Multinational corporations (MNCs) are faced by various risks in their operation (Gallagher & Andrew, n.d, p. 595). One of these risks relate to economic risks. For example, the cash flows earned from the firms’ operations have to be repatriated to the parent company which means that the cash flows are subject to exchange […]

Introduction Property tax is a potential source of government revenue that is received through the levy imposed on the value of a property. Property tax may be imposed by various jurisdictions in the country depending on the established laws on tax assignment and the autonomy of the regional and local governments of the nation. Tax […]

Introduction England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland all make up the United Kingdom (UK).The UK has a long and rich history in international affairs (Office for National Statistics 2011). In addition, it plays a vital role in the UN, NATO, and the EU. The Stonehenge people are believed to have been the earliest occupants of […]

Introduction Property tax rates are an essential source of revenues for the majority of local governments which ensure their local fiscal autonomy. The procedures of determining the property tax rates are complicated and extremely important for the functioning of the internal financial administration in general. In most cases, the property tax rates are calculated based […]

Hard infrastructure refers to the physical assets put up to support an economy and its enterprises. Transport network, energy production and distribution, telecommunications and water management are examples of hard infrastructure. Soft infrastructure refers to both physical and non-physical assets that are used to provide the public with specialized services. Examples include cultural attitudes, legal […]

The rapid rates of economic development and urbanization in Dubai and Abu Dhabi have attracted international attention in the last two decades. The two cities have attained recognition as major hubs for tourism, investment and market for various goods and services. Their growth in industry and real estate sectors has attracted foreign populations from various […]

For the last few years, I have been working as a teller for the Bank of America. The bank began its business in the mid 20th century. Currently, the organization has more than 300 branches in the US and 8 branches abroad. Being one of the largest banks in the world, the Bank of America […]

Real estate in Dubai is supported by both the government and private sector. The government, through various programmes, organises affordable and suitable housing for its citizens. The Sheikh Zayed Housing Programme, established in 1999, provides interest free loans and non-refundable grants for constructing and buying homes (Dubai Land Department 2013). The recipients have to apply […]

Introduction Trade between the United States and the rest of the world has played a significant role in the growth and development of the US economy over the past years. The growth of foreign trade in the US grew much faster after the Second World War. The trade between the US and the rest of […]

Introduction Consumer involvement refers to that “state of mind that motivates a consumer to identify with a product or service offerings, their consumption patterns and consumption behavior”. Involvement enables consumers to develop the urge to search for or think about the available product categories before selecting a preferred brand and purchasing a product. Involvement reflects […]

While having the potential for higher profit attractive industries have a far greater degree of market competition resulting in the erosion of a firm’s economic performance as compared to companies that exist in unattractive industries where through the development of innovative products and services a market-dominant position can be reached with fewer problems related to […]

The global crisis team members include; Christine LaGarde, Warren Buffet, & Colin Powell. These are people from various parts of the world who play major roles in the world economy. For example, Colin Powell is an American politician who has experience in military leadership. Having led the American army for many years, he has the […]

Introduction For a long time now, Hong Kong has acted as the bridge linking China to the rest of the world. Seemingly, this is no longer the case since China is further opening up. China is growing very fast and the current situation is far much different from what used to be the case close […]

Introduction The World Bank is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that there is sustainable development in almost all nations of the world. It has acted as the world’s leading development agency for the past six years. However, during this time, the bank has received both criticism and praise from the various member states across […]

Introduction Due to easy availability of substitutes for most commodities and the increasing number of firms, competition has stiffened as firms try to outdo each other. It is, therefore, the aim of each firm to try and enhance its market share as well as increasing the demand for its goods, so as to increase the […]

Abstract Food insecurity is a serious issue in most countries in the world. It has been assumed that only people from third world countries experience food insecurity. However, people in first world countries are also at risk due to rising cost of living. Although costs of basic goods have risen with time, wages have remained […]

Introduction Globalization is the process of enabling financial and investment markets to operate internationally. This is as a result of deregulation and improved communication. On the other hand, economic globalization refers to the interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movements of goods, services, technology and capital (Held and […]

Exchange rates are used to facilitate business transactions between different economies with different legal tenders in terms of money. An exchange rate,“is a measure of how much of one currency may be exchanged for another currency” (Fischer, Taylor and Cheng, 2011 p.551). The fact that each country has its own economy and the emergence of […]

Introduction about the topic Capital budgeting is the process by which companies appraise investment decisions, in particular, by which capital resources are allocated to specific projects. It requires firms to give account for the time value of money and project risk using a variety of more or less formal techniques. The decision to invest in […]

The global IT industry continues to show growth year after year, with the software market expanding at a whopping 8% per annum. The convergence of hardware, software and services is creating new markets, and we are witnessing a global paradigm shift from hardware to software. It is anticipated that the IT services industry will expand […]

Introduction The continuous increase in real gross domestic product is what is called real economic growth. Economic growth can originate from efficient production levels or from inefficient production levels. Economic growth can happen with decrease, increase or without any change in the price level. There are various factors that are associated with economic growth and […]

Introduction Maurice F Greaver II as cited by Susetio defines outsourcing as “…strategic use of outside parties to perform activities, traditionally handled by internal staff and resources” (1). There are several reasons why companies outsource some of their processes. The business world is increasing becoming competitive at the local and global level. Start up firms […]

Introduction Stringent competition in numerous industries forces most organizations to create new business plans in order to enhance their competitiveness. This helps them to stay afloat in the market while attaining considerable market presence. Evidently, this is an important phenomenon as shown by the Qatar Airways Ltd.’s intent to invest in Byogy Renewables Inc. The […]

Background With the steady growth in tourism, provision of quality and affordable hospitality services is exponentially gaining credence (Weygandt et al., A 2008). The quality of service offered and the satisfaction of the customer are factors that have been considered to be leading to the retaining of customers and the general success of the hotel […]

Introduction Introduction to Germany Overview Germany is located in Europe and it is considered one of the most prosperous nations in this part of the world. It is a federal parliamentary republic that is made up of 16 semi- autonomous states (Fulbrook 23). The capital city of the nation which also serves as the political, […]

Introduction Background: Global Trade Imbalance Within the context of international trade, the process of constantly changing patterns of trade is inevitable and, therefore, sustaining a trade balance is a serious challenge for the global community. Trade relations between different countries are not confined merely to the purpose of importing and exporting goods. Rather, the importance […]

Introduction The UnionPay systems requirements granted the service suppliers to offer payment services using electronic cards to carry out transactions in foreign currencies. Under this system, the Chinese authority categorically stated that the devices used in payment card processes must conform to the entity systems requirements. In addition, it was required that all the cards […]

Max Weber is known for his analysis of the factors that led to the creation of modern capitalism. In various works, he examined social, ethical, philosophical, and religious forces that shaped the system of production that emerged in Europe as well as the United States. His ideas are discussed by many modern scholars who focus […]

Freiden notes that political systems mediate and change interests into policy using political machinery (Frieden, 2005). Political machinery comes together and change interests of society using different conditions of bargaining and bias among different groups. Established procedures and rules in domestic political systems show group strength normally for a long term. However, institutions can create […]

Introduction Several nations have developed ways of safeguarding their local film industries through conserving market share of domestic films against domination by American films. The market share of American’s films is about seventy percent in the entire world. Many countries have created protectionism techniques such as tax concession, import quotas, subsidies, and screen quotas to […]

The World Bank created an index that determines the ease of investing in different countries across the globe. In ranking countries, the ease of doing business index considers numerous factors, such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering properties, enforcing contracts, getting credit, paying taxes, trading across borders, and resolving insolvency. Countries having […]

Abstract The proposed study aims at in-depth understanding of the existing correlation between corporate governance and transparent disclosure of the internet financial reporting (IFR) in Saudi Arabian companies. This relationship will be investigated in an empirical research in order to clarify the reliability of possible impacts of corporate governance techniques on the disclosure transparency in […]

The advantage of Hong Kong relative to other Asian cities is that it is politically, culturally, geographically and economically attached to the largest and fastest-growing market in the world – Mainland China. It remains a highly efficient centre for services and fundraising activities, something that China is in desperate need of. To an increasing number of […]

Introduction Investing in a country’s economy is a step that needs a cautious and critical approach to guarantee a sustainable return on investment. Such a path should not be decided in an ‘instant coffee’ approach as there are many risks involved in making a large investment in a country’s economy, as many factors influence growth […]

Introduction Maunder & Maunder (1979, p. 41) explain that the economic problems and policies implemented in developed countries have placed significant boundaries and constraint. The establishment of new intervention principles and the surfacing of new regulatory organizations have been the combined effect of the political values and economic conditions in many countries. Many nations have […]

Market for laptop computers As mentioned in the case study, the research found a strong evidence of a positive relationship between computer usage and fatigue among school children. This implies that the more they use the computers the more fatigued they become. Therefore, there is possibility that the usage of computers among school children will […]

Abstract Credit cards are cards that are used by customers to make payments. The customer gets credit in his card with the promise that he or she will pay back the money to the company later after making purchases. The customer pays back the money with interest. This interest is the profit and revenue to […]

International business is a type of trade that involves commercial transactions between two or more countries operating beyond their national boundaries. In other terms, these are business transactions involving several nations, which are carried out at the international level. As it would be observed, international business transactions are of great importance to participating countries in […]

Abstract London Interbank Offered rate (‘Libor’) scandal occurred when banks were fraudulently increasing or lowering the interest rates so that they gain from trade or give an impression that their entities are performing better and are credit worthy (Miller-Jones, 2012). ‘Libor’ is calculated on a daily basis by the British Bankers’ Association. ‘Libor’ was introduced […]

Introduction Neoliberalism and imperialism are two concepts that expound on the political and economic discourse in the world. The two are part of the many theories that theorize the functioning of the society. Therefore, the two concepts are highly related in the manner in which institutions in the contemporary globalized economy function. Neoliberalism, which was […]

Introduction Adam Smith, the Scottish economist, studied at the Glasgow University and the Balliol College of Oxford in England. He taught and published a number of works like “The theory of moral sentiments” in 1759. His publications gave him the motivation to conduct a study on the causes and nature of the wealth of nations […]

Is RMB trading at fair value? One of the subjects that have continued to raise a discussion is if the Chinese Yuan has been trading at its fair value. In 2007, China’s GDP was estimated to be over 10%, which was considered as its peak. The current-account surplus during the same year provided a strong […]

Introduction Globalization is instrumental to the current economic trends in countries all over the world. These include the intra-industry trade, which brings together or connects the world through the sharing of ideas, technologies, and trade markets among other things. According to Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage, countries trading with each other benefit a lot from […]

Introduction Canada is a country that lies in the northern side of United States of America. Canada became independent in the year 1867. It has three territories and about ten provinces. The country extends from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic. Its geographical area coverage is about 9.98 million per square kilometers. Canada is the […]

Today, to develop effectively according to the global economic tendencies and local ideological principles, the health care system of Cuba should balance between focusing on the traditional socialist patterns associated with the gift-giving principles and modern economic and market trends typical for the global community’s progress. This controversial situation of balancing between two extremes can […]

Introduction United Arab Emirates (UAE) is located in the Gulf of Oman coast in the Middle East. UAE is a member state of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). GCC is an economic cum political organization founded by Arabs countries that border the Persian Gulf. According to the 2012 GCC economic report, UAE was the second […]

Introduction A large Australian manufacturing firm is keen to internationalise by a Greenfield foreign direct investment via sole ownership in Sri Lanka as a developing country and Taiwan as a developed nation. The essay focuses on advantages and disadvantages of investing in each country, legal systems, and political, cultural, and economic risks. It concludes by […]

Proper management of cash budget is an important practice in business management that enables an organization to efficiently utilize cash inflows and control the cash outflows. It is in this regard that this is study looks at the various issues that affect Alpine Wear’s cash budget. Seasonal Variations and Target Balance When cash requirements are […]

Land is a very important asset that must be planned for effectively in order to ensure that it gives maximum output while remaining sustainable. According to Koomen and Beurden (2011, p. 73), land is an asset which is scarce and very fragile, making it necessary to develop mechanisms of using it in a wise manner. […]

Abstract Every airline company has its own unique operation and long term strategies. Just like in other industries such as the agricultural, banking and manufacturing sectors, airline industries across the globe have different goals. They get cargo ships, tourists’ small jets, military air crafts and private chattered crafts. Although all of them fall in the […]

Introduction Historically, the UAE used to have a variety of issues concerning housing projects. Othman (2008) stresses that numerous projects were unsustainable and inefficient. At present, the governments of Abu Dhabi and Dubai have announced that a number of initiatives will commence (Sheikh Zayed housing programme 2013). For instance, the government is committed to provide […]

Introduction Countries, like businesses, control their economic positions to maintain a healthy economic stance regarding their financial resources. Often, the nations establish their respective central banks that act as the finance department in the country to regulate both the money, as well as the credit system. The central banks use varied policy tools, including bank […]

Introduction The intention of the Victorian State Government to undertake the East West Link Project is a good move that will improve the state of infrastructure in the City of Melbourne. The construction of 18 kilometer-road network across Melbourne to link the already existing Western Ring Road to the Eastern Freeway is a very ambitious […]

Introduction: WTO Principles in Jordan Globalization seems to have taken its toll on business and economy all over the world. For those states that have not been included into the WTO, it is becoming increasingly hard to provide its citizens with decent opportunities in education and career (Ekins & Voituriez 2012). However, joining the WTO […]

The housing and monetary policies are the key causes of the 2008 economic crisis. Two main mortgage firms, the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Corporation eased the credit requirements on loans it purchased from lending institutions. In September 2008, the two giant mortgage companies faced the danger of bankruptcy as they had guaranteed close to […]

The Islam religion in addition to giving spiritual guidance, also gives economic guidance one of which is the Zakah. Zakah is listed among the five pillars forming the basic foundations of the religion of Islam; it is the third of the five. The word ‘Zakah’ in Arabic means to be purified, to grow and receive […]

Background Appearing in the world’s renowned newspaper “The Economist”, the article “Innovation Pessimism: Has the Ideas Machine Broken Down?” sheds light on the factors that may have contributed to the stagnation of the global technological advancements and subsequent economic growth in recent decades. This paper summarizes and analyzes the article using the framework of supply […]

Abstract Ever since its inception, the European Union has gone through several changes. Originally, the founders’ motivation was to free Europe from the plaguing wars that devastated lives and properties. Nations geographically located within Europe and even those questionably considered European, aspire to become members. This paper focuses the discussion on the ten European countries, […]

Introduction This essay seeks to present an insight into an emerging economic event in china. China is among the top performing economies in the Asia. Its economic growth has been remarkable over the last years. Local economists predict an increase in the domestic growth. However, this might not be the case because there are some […]

Purpose In light of the company’s financial plan and strategies, this report seeks to present information on areas of interest for lenders when considering loan applications from various institutions. The significance of this is to polish the organization to stand a chance of qualifying for loan consideration. The second purpose of this report is to […]

Historically, usury has been thought of as being unethical. The people who practiced usury were shunned by society as they were seen as greedy. Historical hatred towards usury is also well documented by Shakespeare in his book “The Merchant of Venice” where Shylock, a Jew who practices usury, is loathed by the members of the […]

The labor relations system that exists in the U.S today has a historical background dating back from early 1800s. After an in-depth look of the labor history I noted that most events which unfolded over the years altered the course of labor relations in America. Many labor unions were formed in a successive sequence to […]

Executive Summary Apollonian Solutions must incorporate the aspect of culture in its operations in order to achieve its objectives. Its basic organizational culture must be adapted to the Eastern Asia’s region where it is based. This region has two significant cultures created by communism and liberalism government systems. Operations in China and North Korea must […]

Abstract In the early 2000s, the economic situation in Argentine could be discussed as unstable, and two approaches were proposed to contribute to the economic growth. Thus, devaluation of peso and dollarization were examined as two opposite variants to improve the country’s economy. Focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of both the processes, it is […]

Introduction With the continued integration of the global economy, more countries are finding it necessary to cooperate with each other for the good of their individual economies. Physical barriers to interaction, such as geographical location, have been rendered irrelevant by the technological advancement that has improved communication and interaction between countries. Today, many countries of […]

Introduction In the current globalized world, firms have come to the realization that it is important to look for foreign markets for products in order to remain competitive and sustainable. The emerging technologies have created a global village where geographical barriers that existed before no longer prevent individual from conducting business. Firms can easily spread […]

Introduction France is one of the largest and most advanced economies in the world. The country achieved its success through diversification of its economy and prudent management of the public sector finances. Unlike other developed countries, agriculture contributes significantly to economic development in France. The output from the agricultural sector comes from livestock and cash […]

CAPM model The required rate of return will be computed using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The model is an identity that calculates the required rate of rate by adding a risk premium to the risk free rate of return. The model takes into account risks arising from the market in which the asset […]

Introduction The stock market is one in which shares are traded. This trading may either be through exchanges or sometimes it might be carried out through over-the-counter markets. The stock market is also referred to as the equity market and it serves as one of the most important areas of a country’s economy (Bogle, 2010). […]

Introduction The labor market is equivalent to any other market. In fact, it is where labor is traded for wages. Inherently, there are assumptions that guide the labor market. For instance, there is a direct correlation between human resource (labor) and income distribution (wages and profits). Hence, different theories have been advanced regarding labor markets. […]

Introduction The Marxist concept of exploitation argues that the value of an employee’s labour is not similar to the economic value obtained by his employer from the output of the task performed. This creates social and income inequalities in various societies. Karl Marx advanced the notion that the contemporary labour market creates a dysfunctional society, […]

The CPI should utilize the techniques of financial analysis to determine if their efforts can generate a considerate amount of revenue. It should engage into prospects of growth that can maximize the value of the firm and increase the amount of wealth by the shareholders (Cho, 1987). The future earnings of the firm can be […]

The economic environment in Colombia is more promising than that of Venezuela. Colombia now boasts of a GDP of $365.4billion, which makes it the 29th largest economy in the world. In 2012, it grew by 4.3% and was a continuation of growth rates of 4% and 5.9% in 2010 and 2011 respectively (CIA, 2013). Venezuela […]

The government of the United States of America (US) created the Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) to ease customs procedures for companies within US that continually engage in trading activities beyond the US boundary. This analytical treatise reviews the current revision of the FTZ by the Foreign Trade Zones Board and its legal implications. The Foreign […]

What would be the impact of China’s economy on the world’s trading system? Among the recent economies that the world has witnessed, growing through the ranks of the middle income earners, defying the odds to compete among the world’s largest income earners is China. This state boasts the world’s populous nation, accounting for 20% of […]

One international company that has remained on the successful path is Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart had set out different strategies that enabled it to succeed in numerous fronts. For instance, the company has edged its competitors by producing several brands of all its products. As a result, customers have been able to choose products from a wide […]

Summary of the article Islamic banking principles are developed and operated within the guidelines of Sharia principles. The main source of Sharia law is the al Quran, which prohibits any money that is far above the principle amount in the lending business by terming it haram and hence illegal. However, a debate has arisen in […]

Introduction The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization whose main responsibility is to facilitate smooth trade between. The organization was established in 1995 and has greatly evolved over the years to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Studies indicate that WTO was formed to address the many shortcomings of GATT […]

Introduction The term International business refers to companies having business operations in different nations across the globe. Globalization has made it possible for many countries particularly the developing and the underdeveloped nations to expand and receive foreign investments in their countries. The WTO alongside the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) among other trade […]

Introduction The world is increasingly getting globalized as technology keeps advancing in various fronts. According to Doucet (2011, p. 83), globalization is “The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.” This scholar says that globalization has taken place rapidly over the last century due […]

Reasons for Japan’s economic stagnation Japan’s economy, which was once an envy of various economic players in the world due to its robust growth during the 1980s, plummeted into constant stagnation that proved difficult for the country to revamp. Several economic scholars have cited various reasons for the stagnation. However, the solutions to the economic […]

Introduction The human society can generally be divided into urban and rural inhabitants. For centuries, the majority of the global population lived in rural settlements. However, this trend has been reversed in the last few centuries with more people joining urban settlements. In the last few decades, the world’s population has experienced a great transformation […]

Overview of the components of business systems in Asia Asia is termed as one of the regions that have undergone a long history of civilization that has affected the transformation of social, political and economic transformation in the region. More often than not, the Asian countries that come into the limelight when talking about business […]

Causes of unemployment in Spain The labor market in Spain has reached its peak following the four-year crisis that that country has undergone. This situation has been signified by the high unemployment rates that have been witnessed in the country. Currently, the rate of unemployment in Spain stands at 24.8% (The Guardian, 2013). By undertaking […]

Introduction Tax return position is a position about which a receiver of tax services has an understanding of all material details in a tax return and on the foundation of those details has decided that the position is suitable (Murphy & Higgins, 2009). This essay explores the primary and secondary sources of tax law, substantial […]