- Types of head injuries include Hematoma, Diffuse injury, Contrecoup, Concussion, Aneurysm, Laceration.
- Types of Spine injuries are complete and incomplete spine injuries.
About twenty million of American students who attended colleges in the year 2015 would not graduate. This may be influenced by a number of factors such as Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD), poor family backgrounds, low-self esteem, lack of faith in oneself and low academic results. (Bohström, et al, 2017) In a sample size (N=54) of students; from families earning less than 150% personal history and past experiences, research was carried out (Smorti et al, 2018). Also, academic scores of these students at every first semester was obtained and analyzed. In general, the results were similar to students from other colleges: out of 93%, 57% were traumatic. These results were triggered by mental disorders which had led to their drop-out. From this, it is clear that students are at a risk of engaging in various activities as a remedy to relieve themselves off stress.
Risk Factors That Cause Head And Spine Injuries
Drug abuse. This entails; bhang, alcohol, and cocaine
Sports. To run away from their hard life experiences as well as failures in academics.
Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA)
Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) is classified as a common causes of Trauma Brain injury (TBI). TBI has been termed as an epidemic that poses higher odds of death or mild/severe injuries to an (MVA) victim. The survivors exhibit Cognitive, psychological and social disabilities. In a research by (Bigler, 2001), from a sample size (n=35) of an age bracket (12 -18) supposedly the age of adolescents in high school he showed that averagely MVA victims in this group report high postcocussion frequently compared to SRC persons. This is similar to the spine injuries like Whiplash. (Smorti et al, 2018)
According to a research in South Africa from a sample size (n=171) adolescent drivers, and associating it with risky driving and (ATTS) ( 2017) it was found that the behavior stated was associated with driver anger, speeding, aggressive acts towards violating traffic rules which was influenced by drunk driving. These findings showed that the likelihood of reporting an (MVA) was higher among the younger drivers than the older drivers.
Safety measures to prevent injuries
The process of solving the risk of MVA requires drivers to be aware of every environment they are driving into. In most researches, a driver’s perception such as braking on a slowing vehicle ahead or deviations from a lane is much utilized. Hence, the driver’s cognitive abilities towards his/her behavior on the road is important in the event of violating the traffic rules. (Smorti et al., 2018)Observing the traffic rules and road signs can contribute to driving safely thus preventing MVA. To monitor the driver’s behavior while on the road, a Novel advanced assistance system can monitor their state and give warnings as per the driver’s need for support (Smorti et al., 2018).
The system provides auditory or vibrotactile-auditory responses to cater for the driver conversation whether with a passenger or not. While driving an automated car, the system can be used to monitor the speedometer hence giving a warning when the driver exceeds a certain standard speed since over speeding can lead to impulse judgment if an emergency appears on the road thus causing a road accident.