Introduction
Intellectual law is one of the most powerful tools that reveal a person’s character and relationship with others. Moreover, it shapes particular attitudes toward tangible and intangible objects. Friedman founded the ten aligners to cope with disadvantageous states of the system that develop simultaneously (Friedman, 2007). He believes they create a global playing field on which it is possible to develop intellectual and material ownership of the technology. In particular, he believes that some aligners have a more significant influence on social patterns than others. Intellectual capital is built mainly by uploading and in-forming, as they are the most influential levelers of the “playing field”.
Intellectual Property
Questions of intellectual capital begin with determining which tangible and intangible cultural elements have become prevalent in society. According to Friedman, intellectual capital is defined by the totality of all acts and capabilities of human beings for cognition and database formation (Friedman, 2007). Capital is created and decayed, with people looking for new ways to transform data and make it into an entirely new and unique product. As technology (mainly software) develops, the possibilities expand, and cognition and data transformation strategies take on a rigorous, orderly character. Although it is essential to understand that spontaneity is a positive property in studying the interactions between community forms of ownership and structure, it is necessary to create a consistency of the knowledge obtained.
Friedman believes that human behavior is primarily concerned with the desire for cognition at the level of applied understanding. Understanding any phenomenon or technology begins with determining its significance for the individual. Based on this, a system of values is constructed, and opportunities and potential for personal use are identified. Capital, then, acts as a set of presumed possibilities that will positively affect a person’s application (Friedman, 2007). Not all forms of capital are easily assimilated or objectively understood, and even materiality is in question: software, for example, is a complex multi-layered code that cannot be touched but can only be understood. Friedman believes that materiality is far from the leading indicator of capital but that its buildup, reassembly, and differentiation are possible only with material tools and technology.
Highlighting the ten aligners, Friedman regards the world as a vast playing field on which intellectual property and capital are built and developed. Workflow software is the most versatile and comprehensible, allowing other technologies and aligners to work unitedly and smoothly (Friedman, 2007). Nevertheless, the most important seems to be in-forming and uploading, which have both potential and negative effects. Together, they not only manage intellectual capital but also shape trends and strategies for data use. Uploading aims to create online projects that shape insights into an event’s organization; Wikipedia is a typical example (Friedman, 2007). At the same time, Wikipedia is also a participant in in-forming because it aims to provide communities with self-discovery opportunities. In-forming and uploading are similar but fundamentally different in their purpose and the possibilities that become available to users of the latest technology. What follows will be a review of Friedman’s positions on these aligners, their role, and the positives and negatives.
Uploading or Open-Sourcing
It is worth beginning with a definition of an uploading open-sourcing format of intellectual labor. It is a set of actions performed in online projects to place information in the free access with any access levels. This means, first and foremost, that open uploads are opportunities for communication and sharing that allow communities to share knowledge and upload ever newer data (Friedman, 2007). It is essential to understand that this does not mean unquestioning access and no verification of information, but it does raise the issue of controlling open-sourcing projects. Such projects can be fast and long and serve a person for a long time. In particular, Friedman talks about Apache and Linux, the cumulative result of exchanging information between people on open-source, and processes of rethinking shared data (Friedman, 2007). In this case, one has to consider that information sharing is strictly a positive act because it enriches the common stock of capital and develops strategies to transform it.
Friedman cites the optionality format as one of the most vital and influential, pointing to the freedom of information and its transmission in the technology marketplace. The positive effect of the importance of open-source is seen in the possibility of creating solid collectives to develop new and unique directions in exchanging and publishing information (Friedman, 2007). In addition, online collections, encyclopedias, and collective materials are reaching a new level. Among them are cloud repositories, which are subspecies of open-source; that is, they have the potential to create a product out of shared labor and share the rights to intellectual works. In addition, there is the positive effect of the already existing availability of cloud and open-source online projects, launched with the specific purpose of sharing information and its delivery (Friedman, 2007). The materials provided are accessible, usually free to explore, and limited to other activities. It is a positive development in the context of modern licensing and certification.
The adverse effects of Open Source are due to the amount of data that must be checked and evaluated for accuracy and validity. In the Wikipedia example, Friedman points out that the “fix page” button directly results from a flawed system (Friedman, 2007). Users can correct a page, rewrite history, and turn it to the necessary wing. It happens to political figures, historical figures, and just plain pop culture objects. Consequently, the lack of adequate systems for evaluating information without the ability to verify and identify data for its truthfulness and trustworthiness leads to an erosion of trust. Wikipedia has long not been seen as a credible resource precisely because of the ability of any user to correct pages and articles (Friedman, 2007). Despite citing sources at the end of each page, it is not enough to reassure a user that the information is clean and its impact is transparent. Consequently, the overall adverse effects of uploading are centered on the problems and identification of the reliability of the information.
In-forming
In-forming is the property of technologies to search for information for the user by direct and indirect queries. This type of technology is based on algorithms that program all the great sets of potential answers that can be obtained to the question being asked. According to Friedman, in-forming involves the free search for events, people, and phenomena, but again mentions the most critical factor – awareness (Friedman, 2007). Awareness is formed from the first cognitive games in which parents ask the child to share his or her perceptions and sensations. For in-forming, perhaps the most important phenomenon is the need to retain results. Furthermore, in this “search-and-process-preservation” vein, Friedman may embrace in-forming, but he continues to fear that he will not achieve worthwhile results.
The positive effects of in-forming are primarily related to top products created to gain preventive information and link living standards to current indicators. Searchable resources and standard-form-based systems (including submission and analysis) are clear, intuitive tools that are not difficult to use. The positive effects of in-forming are also related to the same function of the aligner: providing information through large-scale tools such as Wikipedia and other online resources. Friedman believes that systems like Google and Yahoo! are strictly positive aligners because they provide equal opportunities for users (Friedman, 2007). Information retrieval skills tend to build up on some or other of the conditions available. Nevertheless, the orderliness of such systems and the transparency of search strategies make aligners tools for adapting to today’s technologies. However, the question arises as to whether the use of this package of documents will suffice or whether additional material needs to be included in the research. In addition, there is a high risk that in-forming will cease to be part of the collective culture (Friedman, 2007). This problem leads to the current adverse effects of implementation in human life and living.
Negative effects are not immediately noticeable, but as time passes, it is discovered that those actions are more coded, and it is necessary to look for a way out on one’s own. The adverse effects result in a wrong independent choice and decision-making (Friedman, 2007). It is an unmanageable assessment of the system’s state and its unstable indicators, without which it is impossible to integrate the search system as an adequate tool fully. Several problems arise – the speed of providing results characterizes the first. This manifests as a reluctance to participate and actively discuss strategies to integrate information into standard practices.
For example, a company creates a unique social network where participants share information. The social network will develop if many people publish information; show some research and experimental model results. However, the presence of search sites, which do not require special skills to retrieve data, leads to the fact that few reliable results are added to the social network. Moreover, not all people post honestly and only use other text with paraphrases without a natural search. The number of people participating decreases and the quality of information becomes low (Friedman, 2007). Consequently, the company’s social network does not work because society’s resources are so limitless that most people will choose unintelligent searches to simplify their work.
Conclusion
Thus, the intellectual right to specific sources of knowledge and information arise in response to developing technologies based on simplifying data delivery and publication. The user is given an equal opportunity to upload their content and make changes for collective or personal work with the data. Uploading allows both the management and expansion of the amount of information but also causes the problem of oversaturation of poor quality resources with the inability to verify and validate. In-forming allows the user to retrieve and search for information. However, it raises the problem of the adequacy of search algorithms and the decline of the general social desire to learn about different topics. In Friedman’s view, uploading is the strongest aligner that drives the overall playing field. In-forming, on the other hand, is contradictory, so it cannot be unequivocally judged.
Reference List
Friedman, T. L. (2007) The world is flat: A brief history of twentieth century. UK, London: Picador.