Introduction
Fingerprints play a notable role in criminal investigations as a highly effective form of physical evidence. They are left behind on several surfaces and can be used to identify a suspect linked to a crime scene. Criminal investigators ensure that fingerprints are used appropriately to identify a crime suspect and that no mistakes are made. There must be proper development and preservation to rely on fingerprints as evidence.
Methods of Latent Fingerprint Preservation
Two major categories of methods are used to develop and preserve latent fingerprints: physical and chemical. Physical methods, such as dusting and ninhydrin, are quick, simple, and inexpensive (Daluz, 2021). Dusting involves using a fine powder, such as magnesium or talc, to adhere to the oil or sweat residues left behind on a surface. Ninhydrin involves using its solution, which reacts with the amino acids in sweat residues, causing them to turn purple.
Chemical methods, such as cyanoacrylate fuming and the use of fluorescent dyes, are more effective but complex and time-consuming. The choice of the most efficient method is determined by considering all the factors, including cost, complexity, and effectiveness.
Importance of Fingerprint Preservation
After latent fingerprints are developed, they should be appropriately preserved so that they can be used as evidence in a court of law. Preservation involves capturing an image of the print, lifting the print, and storing it in a manner that facilitates its long-term stability (Singla et al., 2020). This is usually done by lifting the prints using clear tape and storing the tape in a container protected from moisture, light, and other environmental factors that may cause degradation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, latent fingerprint development and preservation techniques are crucial to criminal investigations. The methods utilized to develop latent fingerprints include physical and chemical methods. Proper preservation involves the effective capture, printing, lifting, and storage of materials for long-term stability. As forensics continues to evolve, new and improved techniques for detecting, developing, and preserving latent fingerprints are likely to emerge.
References
Daluz, H. M. (2021). Courtroom testimony for fingerprint examiners. CRC Press.
Singla, N., Kaur, M., & Sofat, S. (2020). Automated latent fingerprint identification system: A review. Forensic Science International, 309, 110187. Web.