Beowulf is a significant example of a medieval epic poem about the heroic deeds of the strongest Geatish warrior. However, Beowulf’s story is different from other epics because it captures the hero’s progression from a brave yet selfish and proud warrior to a responsible and courageous leader. Thus, the author’s use of writing devices emphasizes the hero’s selfless courage and willingness to sacrifice his life in battles with evil.
Firstly, it is necessary to define that while the poem can be divided into two parts, an examination of the author’s use of writing devices for the development of the central idea should focus on the second and third parts. Thus, in the second part, which focuses on Beowulf’s battle with Grendel’s mother, the author uses irony as a literary device to emphasize Beowulf’s vulnerability. Earlier in the story, Hrothgar gives Beowulf the sword known as Hrunting “hilted sword, of old-time heirlooms easily first” (1462-1463). The glory of the sword was supposed to help the famous warrior Beowulf in the fight against monsters. However, the sword became useless in Beowulf’s battle with Grendel’s mother, and its “glory fell” first time in history (1533). The irony emphasizes the text’s central idea, which suggests that only truly brave warriors who are not seeking glory in fighting evil can defeat it.
Furthermore, in the third part of the text, which focuses on Beowulf’s last battle, the author introduces a different point of view to the story. In his speech, one of Beowulf’s most dedicated and loyal warriors, Wiglaf remembers all the “prizes his prince had given him” and to his people (2615). The author uses the speech to emphasize how selflessly courageous Beowulf was in his last battle in being ready to die for the defense of his people. Moreover, Beowulf’s courageous act inspires Wiglaf, symbolizing the beginning of a new heroic story.
In conclusion, this essay explored how the author of Beowulf used different literary devices to develop the poem’s main idea. The confidence in his famous sword in battle with Grendel’s mother became Beowulf’s weakness, showing that glory is not important in the battle against evil. Furthermore, the author used a different point of view to describe Beowulf as a truly selfless and courageous leader. Lastly, the author used symbolism to describe how true heroism leaves a mark in history that inspires other heroes.
Reference
F. B. Gummere. (Trans.). (1910). Beowulf. P.F. Collier & Son.