Introduction
Intrinsic motivation entails the need to participate in an activity for pleasure or self-fulfillment rather than the consequences associated with the action. An excellent example of an intrinsic activity is playing an instrument, such as a guitar, which makes a person happy. Conversely, extrinsic motivation involves participating in an activity due to external factors such as good money results (Feldman, 2021). For instance, a student can decide to study hard to get high grades, or another can take a job to get the monetary benefits associated with it.
Maslow’s motivational theory is founded on the idea that a pyramid of needs must be satisfied to achieve self-actualization. Maslow asserts that these requirements are ordered in a pyramid-shaped structure, with more advanced wants, such as self-esteem and self-actualization, at the top and more fundamental physiological needs at the bottom (Feldman, 2021). Before a person advances to the next level and eventually reaches the condition of self-actualization, the lower-level demands must be met.
Going to School
I went to school to take my classes and complete my homework. The incentive method of motivation, which holds that an individual is motivated to engage in a particular conduct by the desire to accomplish a goal or get a reward, can explain this behavior. The achievement and gratification of performing well in school are the rewards in this situation, and the goal is to build up a strong academic record.
Bowling
I went bowling to have fun and hang out with my pals. The entrainment approach to motivation, in which a person acts in a certain way to elicit a particular sensation or excitement, might explain this behavior. In this scenario, I sought a fun social activity with a modest amount of challenge and excitement (Feldman, 2021). Also, attending this event allowed me to meet new people, which improved my social life.
Watching a Movie
After a busy day, I watched a movie to unwind. The self-determination hypothesis, which contends that people are driven to act in ways that fulfill their fundamental psychological demands for autonomy, expertise, and relatedness, can be used to explain this behavior (Feldman, 2021). In this instance, I was looking for a task that would give me a sense of autonomy, control, and competence. I also wanted to feel connected to others or supported by my social network.
How the urge for power is expressed differs significantly between men and women. According to research, men are more prone than women to exhibit a craving for power, making them more likely to seek out positions of leadership and exhibit competitive and authoritarian tendencies. This discrepancy may be caused by societal norms and gender roles that encourage men to be strong and masculine while devaluing women who exhibit these qualities. In addition, gender discrimination and prejudice may make it harder for women to hold positions of power, which may restrict their options for expressing and satisfying their necessary power (Feldman, 2021). It is crucial to remember significant individual variation among genders and that the relationship between physiological, psychological, and social factors shapes how the urge for power is expressed.
Conclusion
Emotional development incorporates both cognitive and physiological components. Emotions are physiologically linked to alterations in physical characteristics, including elevated heart rate, sweat, and tense muscles. The autonomic nervous and endocrine systems are assumed to control these physical changes (Feldman, 2021). Emotions are cognitive processes that entail interpreting physiological signals and assessing environmental stimuli. The emotional response might be enhanced or diminished depending on how the event is perceived cognitively.
Reference
Feldman, R. S. (2021). Essentials of understanding psychology: Motivation and emotion (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.