Strengths
The model introduces opportunities for motivating people to change their behaviors toward healthier ones. Additionally, the framework allows the integration of all available resources to facilitate better patient services and enhance patient education. Nola Pender’s model also offers a chance to tailor specific interventions to the unique needs of patients, which creates an opportunity to improve health outcomes substantially (Khodaveisi et al., 2017).
Attributes
Pender’s Model consists of eight key attributes. First, the perceived benefits of action allow for forecasting the positive outcomes of an intervention. In turn, the perceived barriers to action help to evaluate the challenges to overcome. Perceived self-efficacy allows for gauging the extent of a nurse’s competence. The activity-related effect is linked to the effects that behavior produces. Interpersonal influences incorporate social factors, whereas situational influences are linked to patient-specific factors. Finally, commitment to a plan of action defines its success, and “immediate competing demands and preferences” show the need to embrace every factor in the analysis.
Flaws
At the same time, Pender’s model has several notable flaws. For example, the model provides only a nebulous description of each of the four meta paradigms (person, environment, nursing, and health). Moreover, the model is oversaturated with extra components and concepts, which makes it difficult to apply.
Criticism
Overall, Pender’s model has been criticized for its vagueness quite a lot. Additionally, Pender’s Model of Nursing may be challenging to apply to a specific disease at a particular stage (Bahabadi et al., 2020). Nevertheless, the model has been praised for its focus on patient-specific characteristics and the needs of target populations, which is why applying it to address public health issues should be an important step in promoting health literacy and improved outcomes in patients.
Metaparadigms
The model defines health as a positive dynamic state, the person as a learner, the environment as a combination of extraneous factors, and nursing as the process of guiding patients toward a healthy change.
References
Bahabadi, F. J., Estebsari, F., Rohani, C., Kandi, Z. R. K., Sefidkar, R., & Mostafaei, D. (2020). Predictors of health-promoting lifestyle in pregnant women based on Pender’s health promotion model.International Journal of Women’s Health, 12, 71-77.
Khodaveisi, M., Omidi, A., Farokhi, S., & Soltanian, A. R. (2017). The effect of Pender’s health promotion model in improving the nutritional behavior of overweight and obese women.International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 5(2), 165-164.