Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses Essay

Exclusively available on IvyPanda Available only on IvyPanda

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Bacteria penetrate the pharyngeal mucosa and induce an inflammation associated with Streptococcus A that a person may carry in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms include throat pain, weakness, fever, hyperplasia of lymphoid elements, etc. (Thompson & Wenig, 2016).

We will write a custom essay on your topic a custom Essay on Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses
808 writers online

Acute Pharyngitis, Unspecified

Microorganisms penetrate the mucous membrane of the pharynx through micro-damages and cause a local inflammatory reaction, usually, of an exudative character (Hetchman, 2013). Unspecified AP may be triggered by the flu, typhoid fever, infectious rubella, etc., or be one of the manifestations of glomerulonephritis, acute leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, agranulocytosis, hypertension, etc.(Gupte, 2016). Symptoms: swelling and reddening of the mucous membrane of the tonsils, cough, temperature rises, fever, pain when swallowing, asymmetry of the tonsils, and hoarseness (Vovrick, 2015).

Acute Pharyngitis

Acute inflammation of the mucous membrane in the middle part of the pharynx, usually combined with inflammatory changes in the oral cavity and the palatine tonsils (Walker et al., 2014). The trigger mechanism of the pathological process can be the general and local effects of the thermal/environmental factor (Renner, Mueller, & Shephard, 2012). In AP, hyperemia and swelling spread evenly throughout the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall. Mucous glands grow in size and produce an excessive amount of secretion. Individual follicles of the lymphadenitis tissue become edematous, acquire a hemispherical shape, or form strands (Thompson & Wenig, 2016).

Candidiasis of Mouth

The major cause of the disease is pathogenic fungi. The infection develops in three stages: 1) adhesion of causative agent to the surface of the mucous membrane or skin; 2) colonization βˆ’ the fungi create a complex of enzymes that destroys the epithelium; and 3) the fungi penetrate the epithelium cells, tissues, and blood (development of secondary inflammation) (Thompson & Wenig, 2016). The general symptoms include diffuse or focal hyperemia of the mucous membrane, swelling, desquamation, plaque (Myers, 2014).

Acute Otitis Medis

Ear tugging, fever, copious discharge and cerumen, difficulty sleeping, as well as the tympanic membrane (TM) erythema are the major symptoms of AOM (McCormick et al., 2016). The redness of a TM is the local AOM symptom which may lead to hyperemia – as a result, the TM becomes red, and it can be hard to capture the details of its clinical picture during the otoscopic examination (McCormick et al., 2016).

Acute Otitis Externa

OME is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear cavity without the symptoms of acute inflammation. Most often, OME develops on the background of inflammatory diseases of the oral and nasal sinuses or nasopharynx, when the patency of the auditory tube is disturbed (Higgins, 2016). As a result, it creates a negative pressure in the tympanic cavity and provokes the extravasation of initially sterile fluid in it (Higgins, 2016). It may lead to a temporary hearing loss, which can last for a long time and lead to a child’s developmental delay and speech problems.

Foreign Body

FB is an object located in the external auditory canal or trapped in the middle or inner ear cavity. FB can be any small item: stone, bead, seed, etc. If not removed, it leads to an inflammatory reaction due to microbial infection that can manifest itself in pain, the secretion of mucopurulent discharge, deterioration of the hearing (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015). With severe inflammation, an increase in body temperature, and a headache can occur. The inflammatory reaction can be accompanied by swelling which reduces the lumen of the auditory canal and significantly complicates the removal of the FB (Kullar & Yates, 2012).

1 hour!
The minimum time our certified writers need to deliver a 100% original paper

Acute Tonsillitis

The infection enters the organism through the lymphoid tissue of the oropharynx. Viral, bacterial, or environmental pathogens reduce the protective functions of the epithelial cover and contribute to the invasion of streptococci. Fixation of ß-hemolytic streptococcus on the surface of tonsils and other clusters of lymphoid tissue is due to the affinity of some antigenic microbial structures (e.g., lipoteichoic acid) to the epithelium of the lymphoid apparatus of the oropharynx (Walker et al., 2014). Symptoms: dry and sore throat; headaches, weakness, high temperature.

References

Dunphy, L. M., Winland-Brown, J. E., Porter, B. O., & Thomas, D. J. (2015). Primary care: The art and science of advanced practice nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.

Gupte, S. (2016). The short textbook of pediatrics. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical.

Hechtman, L. (2014). Clinical naturopathic medicine. Chatswood, N.S.W.: Elsevier Australia.

Higgins, T. (2016). Web.

Kullar, P., & Yates, P. D. (2012). Surgery, 30(11), 590–596. Web.

McCormick, D. P., Jennings, K., Ede, L. C., Alvarez-Fernandez, P., Patel, J., & Chonmaitree, T. (2016). Use of symptoms and risk factors to predict Acute Otitis Media in infants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 8155-59. Web.

Remember! This is just a sample
You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers

Myers, M. S. (2014). Symptoms of diseases: with suggested herbal treatment options. United States: Xlibris.

Renner, B., Mueller, C. A., & Shephard, A. (2012). Inflammation Research, 61(10), 1041–1052. Web.

Thompson, L. D., & Wenig, B. M. (2016). Diagnostic pathology: Head and neck. Salt Lake City, UT: Amirsys.

Vovrick, L. J. (2015). Pharyngitis – Sore throat. Web.

Walker, M. J., Barnett, T. C., McArthur, J. D., Cole, J. N., Gillen, C. M., Henningham, A., … Nizet, V. (2014). Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 27(2), 264–301. Web.

Print
Need an custom research paper on Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses written from scratch by a professional specifically for you?
808 writers online
Cite This paper
Select a referencing style:

Reference

IvyPanda. (2021, April 10). Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pharyngitis-otitis-and-tonsillitis-differential-diagnoses/

Work Cited

"Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses." IvyPanda, 10 Apr. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/pharyngitis-otitis-and-tonsillitis-differential-diagnoses/.

References

IvyPanda. (2021) 'Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses'. 10 April.

References

IvyPanda. 2021. "Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses." April 10, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pharyngitis-otitis-and-tonsillitis-differential-diagnoses/.

1. IvyPanda. "Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses." April 10, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pharyngitis-otitis-and-tonsillitis-differential-diagnoses/.


Bibliography


IvyPanda. "Pharyngitis, Otitis and Tonsillitis Differential Diagnoses." April 10, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pharyngitis-otitis-and-tonsillitis-differential-diagnoses/.

Powered by CiteTotal, easy referencing tool
If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Request the removal
More related papers
Cite
Print
1 / 1