Approach
My approach is to identify the latest materials published within the last five years with poverty studies in urban or rural areas. Many researchers investigate the root cause of the gap between urban and rural poverty and various interventions that the government can enact to solve the issue.
My main focus is on articles explaining the sources of poverty in rural and urban areas and the key difference between the two. The strategy I have implemented is significant in identifying the materials that fulfill research requirements. The sources I have gathered effectively answer the research questions I am investigating. Poverty manifestation in rural areas has a significant impact on society compared to urban.
Most of the urban region poverty threshold is mainly on the outskirts of the town where the lower-income individuals live. I have identified various articles that note the key differences between the two poverty levels. Furthermore, the articles provide the necessary interventions that, when applied, help raise the economy of the rural areas as well as reduce urban poverty.
Annotated Bibliography
Chotia, V., & Rao, N. (2017). Investigating the interlinkages between infrastructure development, poverty, and rural-urban income inequality. Studies in Economics and Finance, 34(4), 466-484. Web.
The research investigated the impact of improving the infrastructure of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) in the eradication of poverty in Urban and Rural areas. The findings of this research show that in the long run, economic growth and infrastructural development have a significant impact on the reduction of poverty in both the rural and urban sections. The findings of this research are credible and relevant because it incorporates a literature review and an economic model. This research shows that effective policies must be implemented to curb poverty in rural and urban areas without the need for differentiation. I will use this research to oppose the argument of handling urban and rural poverty separately.
Cosby, A. G., McDoom-Echebiri, M. M., James, W., Khandekar, H., Brown, W., & Hanna, H. L. (2018). Growth and persistence of place-based mortality in the United States: The rural mortality penalty. American Journal of Public Health, 1, 1-8. Web.
The research is significant as its shows the effect of location in determining the mortality rate of individuals in the United States of America. Cosby et al. shows that rural poverty is a significant factor in increased mortality rates compared to urban areas. This research is relevant as it has incorporated time-series data from 1970 to 2016. The finding supports the argument that rural poverty has a significant impact on society. I will use their argument to support the view that policymakers and the government must consider ending rural poverty because of its outcomes in increasing mortality in society. They have a similar view to McAreavey and Brown (2019) as they both highlight impact of rural poverty.
McAreavey, R., & Brown, D. (2019). Comparative analysis of rural poverty and inequality in the UK and the US. Palgrave Communications, 5(1), 1-13. Web.
The research study analyses and compare rural poverty between UK and US. The social welfare programs deliver less than their counterparts in the urban area, hence promoting their poverty levels. Furthermore, social exclusion because of low income is also a significant factor in poverty levels in the US rural areas. The research is relevant as it uses a literature review to collect necessary data relating to rural poverty from 1978 to 2017. The findings are relevant and useful in portraying how rural poverty emanates in the United States. I will use this research to explain the argument of rural poverty not being given maximum attention despite having a critical impact on the community.
These groups are excluded from various social activities and education, making them vulnerable to poverty. Furthermore, the decline in state funding has made education expensive, promoting poverty in rural areas.
Megbowon, E. (2018). Multidimensional poverty analysis of urban and rural households in South Africa. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Oeconomica, 63(1), 3-19. Web.
The research paper investigates the multidimensional poverty status of the rural and urban sections of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. The researcher treats poverty in both rural and urban as the same. The research shows that the living standards in rural and urban are the key driver of multidimensional poverty. The research is significant because it shows that rural and urban poverty should be given the same attention. The research article is credible and relevant as it uses primary data to provide a critical evaluation of their findings with a large sample of 3033 households. The findings of this research support my argument that poverty should be addressed as a single entity and not as subcategories. It also reinforces the argument of similar interventions are useful in curbing poverty.
Mellor, J. W., & Malik, S. J. (2017). The impact of growth in small commercial farm productivity on rural poverty reduction. World Development, 91, 1–10. Web.
The research finding shows that expansion of the income and increased growth of agricultural production in the low and middle-income countries has a significant impact on reducing poverty levels. The source is valid as it uses literature review methodology to collect research materials from 1972. The research findings are relevant as they incorporated peer-reviewed articles that focus on the impact of improving agriculture and income on poverty levels. The finding of this research is significant as it portrays the importance of developing rural areas as a way of curbing poverty. I will use the argument in this research to support the idea of rural poverty being dangerous to society. The findings are similar to that of Cosby et al. (2018) and McAreavey and Brown (2019).
Nolan, L., Waldfogel, J., & Wimer, C. (2017). Long-term trends in rural and urban poverty: new insights using a historical supplemental poverty measure. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 672(1), 123-142. Web.
Nolan et al. researched poverty levels between rural and urban areas in the United States of America from 1970 to 2014 using time series analysis. The research shows that poverty levels in rural and urban areas should be given similar attention since poverty in rural areas of the United States has significantly reduced over the past two decades. The research is useful as it shows that similar interventions will help curb poverty levels in the urban areas of the US. I will incorporate this research on the opposing side where poverty should be treated equally. The argument of Nolan et al. is similar to Megbowon’s (2018) argument. This article will help strengthen the view poverty should be addressed as a single unit.