Introduction
Ethical research involves several factors based on both general ethics and the philosophy of science. The general characteristics of ethical research include the need for respect and honesty for the promise and specifically for the research participants (D’Angelo, 2018). This aspect avoids unnecessary ethical problems during research. Another significant factor concerns the observance of scientific ethics, which primarily include the need for empirical validation of the research, and the absence of plagiarism, and falsification in work.
Discussion
A prominent example of ethical misconduct is falsifying research materials or results. The use of intentionally false data negates the value of the study, making it inherently irrelevant. The presentation of falsified results is another severe violation since it misrepresents the facts of objective reality and can cause negative consequences in the case of using the results of the work by others. Moreover, such a violation can be combined with falsifying data from other researchers’ work (D’Angelo, 2018). Overall, ethical research is defined by adherence to general and scientific standards of ethics, deviation from which leads to ethical misconduct.
Unethical research can include several characteristics that violate ethical standards. For instance, drug research carried out by the Nazis in concentration camps during the Second World War combines many features of unethical research (D’Angelo, 2018). These studies completely ignored the need for respect for the participants and lacked the factor of voluntariness of participation in the research. Engaging in research of individuals without their consent makes the process unethical and can lead to problems due to the condition of the research participants.
Conclusion
Furthermore, the experiment’s objectives exceeded the health and lives of the prisoners involved. Conducting a study without considering the participants’ health violates moral principles and doubts the objectivity of the research results. Hence, such research violated basic ethical principles and was inhumane.
Reference
D’Angelo, J. (2018). Ethics in science: Ethical misconduct in scientific research. CRC Press.