Quantitative Research Approach and Design
Quantitative Research Approach
- Systematic analysis;
- Numerical data;
- Statistical data;
- Measurement;
- Test theories.
Experimental Design
- Quasi-Experimental Research;
- Cause and effect relationship;
- 2 or more Variables;
- Subjects not assigned;
- Naturally formed;
- Pre-existing groups.
Variables
- Independent Variable;
- Identified;
- Not manipulated;
- Control Group;
- Identified;
- Exposed to independent variable.
Methodology of the Quantitative Research Approach
The quantitative research methods are classified into four categories:
- Descriptive;
- Correlational;
- Quasi-experimental;
- Experimental.
Our focus is on the Quasi-experimental method.
Quasi-experimental determine the effectiveness of nursing interventions in predicting and controlling the outcomes desired for patients and families.
Steps to Qualitative Research:
- Research Problem;
- Review of relevant literature;
- Study Framework;
- Research Objectives, Questions or Hypotheses;
- Study Variables;
- Study Design;
- Population and Sample;
- Measurement Methods;
- Data Collection;
- Data Analysis;
- Discussion of Research Outcomes.
Research is a process, and it is similar in some ways to other processes.
The background acquired early in nursing education in problem solving and the nursing process also is useful in research.
A process includes a purpose, series of actions, and goal.
The purpose provides direction for the implementation of a series of actions to achieve an identified goal.
The specific steps of the process can be revised and re-implemented to reach the endpoint or goal.
Appropriate Use of the Quantitative Approach and Design for Research Investigations
The Use of a Quasi-Experimental Research Design Is Appropriate for:
- The Implementation of Interventions;
- The Evaluation of Interventions;
- Analysis of People’s Attitudes and Opinions.
Quasi-experimental designs are often used to implement interventions and programs as well as evaluate their effectiveness (Grove, Burns, & Gray, 2014). This study design is also appropriate for the exploration of people’s attitudes towards or feedback concerning treatments or programs. This type of research design enables researchers to compare interventions’ outcomes in a control and experimental group, which can equip researchers with quite strong evidence concerning the effectiveness or certain flaws of interventions.
The Use of a Quasi-Experimental Research Design Is Appropriate When It Is Difficult to:
- Select the Participants Randomly;
- Manipulate Certain Variables Associated with the Treatment;
- Manipulate Certain Variables Related to the Setting.
One of the most common features of quasi-experimental studies is the use of the sample that is not randomized properly (Grove et al., 2014). The primary aim of this type of research is to implement and evaluate treatments and programs. These treatments are often carried out with relatively small samples and in particular healthcare facilities. Therefore, it is nearly impossible to ensure proper randomization of the sample. People may have different health conditions, which can result in certain changes in treatment or participants’ withdrawal. Moreover, in the clinical setting, it can be difficult to manipulate various variables. The participants know that they are subjects of specific experiments. They are often confined to certain spaces (their wards, for example). In nursing practice, quasi-experimental designs are common as they are easier to implement t as compared to experiments. At the same time, quasi-experimental studies help evaluate and implement interventions.
References
Grove, S. K., Burns, B., & Gray, J. (2014). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Health Sciences.
University of Phoenix. (2015). Understanding Nursing Research.