Formal Sciences Essay Examples and Topics

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1,868 samples

Descriptive Correlational Design in Research

On the other hand, the researcher will be required to establish the relationship between the frequency of taking certain meals or beverages and gains in weight.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 668

Physics Lab Report: Hooke’s Law

In response to the pulling force, a restoring force is equal to the compression or extension force. In essence, the restoring force is equal and in opposite direction to the force exerted on the elastic [...]
  • 1
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 883

Research Methodology Concept

Pilot Study The purpose of the pilot test will be to test the credibility of the survey. The first step in qualitative analysis of data will be data reduction.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1105

The Future of Space Exploration

The attitude of the researchers in this field is rather ambivalent; the main beneficial and negative points of space exploration would be covered in the next parts to make the argumentative and clear statement.
  • 1
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1127

Pragmatism and Transformative Paradigm in Research

The purpose of this paper is to review pragmatism and the transformative paradigm concerning mixed methods research, analyze how these worldviews are applied in real-life contexts, compare assumptions that are typical of these paradigms, and [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1419

Mathematical and Statistical Investigation

Overall, this investigation is dedicated to one of the most interesting and complex topics in present-day geometry, namely, the problem of time and the circle geometry, associated with the position of the hands-on clock.
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1798

Sample Size Determination and Calculator Analysis

The information the calculator analyzes is derived from the amount of error accommodated by the researcher, the size of uncertainty, the number of the sample, and the distribution of the given responses.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 565

Statistics, Its Importance and Application

The importance of statistics is to determine the type of data required, how it is collected, and the way it is analyzed to get factual answers.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 569

A Trip to Mars: Mass Facts

Mars is one of the eight major planets that form the solar system together with the sun. The atmosphere of Mars is estimated to be less than 1% of that of the earth.
  • 4
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 599

Mathematical Analysis of the Pyramid of the Louvre

It is important to emphasize that the shape of the museum is not tetrahedral, as it may seem because the central composition of the visible part of the Louvre is directly a square, not a [...]
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 1523

Inductive and Deductive Approach in Social Science

Therefore, the main difference between the inductive and deductive approaches consists in the way of expression of the arguments. In this example, the conclusions are based on the personal experience and moves from the particular [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 620

The Latent Heat of Vaporization Experiment

From the table above, it is evident that water has a specific latent heat of vaporization of 2260kJ/Kg implying that the any mass of water absorbs heat that is proportional to this ratio.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1677

Critical Analysis of Photovoltaic Breakthrough Case

One of the important hires was Linda Choate, a Ph.D.in Physics from Stanford, who during earlier rotations chanced upon Frank Harlan's solar cell and was able to calculate and predict the maximum theoretical efficiency of [...]
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3236

Objectivist and Subjectivist View of Research

The relevancy of a research project is measured in terms of the new knowledge the research establishes and the applicability of the same knowledge in solving human problems.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2945

Reflection and Refraction of Light: Examples

This paper is an in-depth analysis of the facts surrounding the reflection and refraction of light."Reflection refers to the bouncing of light off a smooth surface"..
  • 5
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1390

Parabolas and Their Application in the Real Life

Some of the characteristics of a parabola are that if made of shiny / reflecting materials, the light travels in a parallel direction with the axis of symmetry, and it is reflected in the parabola's [...]
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 565

Single Channel and Multichannel Analyzers

The tool that provides the means to conduct a pulse height analysis of incoming linear signals as well as conduct a series of counting experiments in one run is known as a multichannel analyzer.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1468

Relationship Between Fact and Theory

Considering the philosophical direction of this paper and the need to discuss the importance of facts regarding theories and vice versa, it could be difficult to find out which domination is possible and reasonable.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1169

Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis

In this respect, the scientific hypothesis should allow room for testing of the stated hypothesis once the results and outcome of the research have been analyzed.
  • 4.3
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 569

Earth as Compared With the Other Planets

The planet earth is divided into three layers; at the top is the crust; the mantle comes in the medial position and finally the core.
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1751

Big Bang Theory: Assumptions & Scientific Evidence

The Big Bang Theory is one of the theories that explain the origin, development, and the nature of the universe. This assumption is very important in the explanation of the origin and development of the [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2022

Debate on Mathematics: An Art or a Science

Mathematics plays an essential role in general education as an art and science. It is different from other disciplines given the contradictions it causes.
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2719

The Importance of the Moon

The impact sent the Earth spinning and the part of the Earth's crust that was disengaged from the impact began circling the Earth much in the same way Saturn's rings revolve around that planet.
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 736

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

The objective of the experiment is to demonstrate Newton's second law of motion that the acceleration of an object with fixed mass is directly proportional to the net force applied to it.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 904

Rigel Star in Orion Constellation

Orion can be seen by the naked eye from November to February between 85 and 75 degrees latitude, in the southwest sky from a position in the Northern Hemisphere or in the northwest sky from [...]
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 969

Correlation

The correlation studies result in the determination of the correlation coefficient which is a measure of the strength of the relationship between variables.
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1036

Study Period and Exam Scores Correlation

The study period is a predictor variable because it influences the outcome of the exam score. The descriptive table below shows that the average period of study of 80 students is 13.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1186

Ethical and Legal Considerations in Quantitative Research

The proposed research question is appropriate to be used in the study the aim of which is to find out how the students' interest in playing computer and video games can predict their achievement at [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 865

Concept Paper and Research Study

A concept paper is a project idea, which is usually brief and highlights the main components of the main research project before embarking on developing a proposal.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 659

Mathematics: Discovered or Created?

Another viable explanation of the existence of mathematics is that it is merely part of the human creation. The argument for mathematics being part of human discovery is far-fetched and fanatical.
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 595

Practical Usages of Scientific Notation

Scientific notation is regarded as a short hand approach and plays a big role in reducing the number of zeros seen by the students. Expressing it using the scientific notation creates a value that is [...]
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 398

The Gregorian Calendar and the Egyptian Calendar

The creation and introduction of the Gregorian calendar by the roman pope made the lives of the community use it to have an upper hand over others using other forms of the calendar.
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 934

Conflict Between Aristotle and Copernicus

Copernicus continued his research and developed a new model of the universe which contradicted Aristotle's paradigm since the Earth was not the centre, but one of the planets moving around the Sun.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1081

Design of a Power Winch

There is scantly information about the origin and history of winches, but the earliest records by Herodotus of Halicarnassus indicate that wooden winches dominated the architectural form as was referenced by Aristotle and might have [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 20
  • Words: 5511

Optics: The Experiment of Snell’s Law

The degree of bending is proportional to the refractive index of the medium. In essence, with an incident ray traversing two media with different refractive indices, the incident ray, the normal to the interface separating [...]
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 910

Practical and Participatory Action Research

Whilst the researcher takes charge of the processes of problem identification, data collection and analysis, and the identification of actions needed, clients are required to participate in the actualization of the identified courses action.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1099

The Inclined Plane: Physics

When considering a frictionless inclined plane, the Mechanical Advantage, which is the ratio of load to effort, increases with decrease in the angle of inclination.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1143

History of Algebra Brief Overview

Algebra is a mathematical concept that basically involves the applications of operations and relations, and the concepts that are as a result of the combination of the two.
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 755

Albert Einstein’s Contributions to Science

Some of his well-known contributions in science include the theory of relativity and the Quantum theory. In the year 1905, Einstein worked on the Theory of Relativity.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 570

Reliability and Validity in Research

The validity of a test is an entirely different concept that concerns not only the results of the study but the overall design and performance.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1289

Supernova, Its Features and Relation to Human Life

The chemical, physical, and astrophysical process that leads to the explosion of a star and the dust around the supernova make us wonder if life could exist in one such place. The first possibility that [...]
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 19
  • Words: 5348

‘Formulating a Research Problem’ by Ranjit Kumar

The seven steps described in this chapter of the 'Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners' are: "identifying the problem of the research; acknowledging the importance of formulating a research problem; mentioning the sources of [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 593

Statistics Abuse: How, Why, and When

1 According to the formula of variance for any randomly distributed set of data, the denominator denotes the degrees of freedom: = Variance for a random set; Mean for the set of data; ith datum [...]
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2836

Quantitative Research: Advantages & Disadvantages

The paper analyzes the assumptions underlying the use of quantitative research and misconceptions that exist. However, the paper provides a deep evaluation of different quantitative methods which can be helpful to novice researchers.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 564

Electric Circuits: Verifying Ohm’s Law

Overall, the aim of the CEN201: Lab Experiment 1 Electric Circuits was: To verify Ohms law experimentally by keeping the voltage constant and varying the resistance.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2133

How to Present Research Findings

Proper presentation of research findings is essential in determining the success of the research. All the methods are tailored at taking care of the interests of the audience.
  • 4
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 572

The Use of Physics in my Daily Activities

The friction between the road surface and the tyre makes it possible for the car to move forward when the gas pedal is pressed. Gravity is the force that causes the bucket to fall into [...]
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1408

Isaac Newton and His Three Laws of Motion

As one of the great scientists of the 17th century, Newton published his scientific theories and findings in the Principia, his masterpiece in the realm of science.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 3108

“Clive Thompson on the New Literacy” by Clive Thompson

Reasoning in the framework of the text, the readers notice a subsequent transition of the argument from "kids today cannot write" and "age of illiteracy" to "literacy revolution" and "write for an audience".
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1102

Survey Research and Questionnaires in Criminology

Survey research is the most widely used data collection method in the fields of criminal justice and criminology as it assists researchers and professionals to gather the information that is unique to individuals, such as [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 574

The Experiment With Spring Balance

The essence of performing this experiment was to verify the relationship between the effects of force on the extension of a coiled spring and as such, verify the principle behind a spring balance.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1245

Volcanoes and Their Characteristics

Volcanoes always presented a broad area for researches in terms of their close relationship between their forms, structures, the styles of their eruption, and the mineral composition of their magma and lava.
  • 1
  • Subjects: Geology
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 836

Pythagorean Theorem: History, Formula, and Proof

It is used not only to simply solve the missing side of a right-angled triangle but also more extensively to solve Reasoning and Application problems and also can be used to solve many higher mathematics [...]
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1524

History of the Telescope

This was not to be end of the journey in terms of improvement of the telescope. This kind of telescope solved the problem of chromatic aberration that was witnessed in the Keplerian telescopes.
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1858

The Life and Works of Archimedes

In the precedent years, the fairy-tale of the palimpsest produced by the mathematician was exhilarating with application of transcript modification and pilfering.
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2513

Pythagoras Theories

The goal of this paper is to examine the life of Pythagoras to uncover some of the important issues that his work brought about.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1918

Rainbow and Its Various Aspects

The main cause of the formation of rainbow is the refraction and dispersion of the sun light which occur in the event of rainfall or any other form of moisture that could be present in [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1339

Experiment: Frame Deflections and Reactions

This guide describes how to set up and perform experiments related to the deflections and reactions of a rectangular portal. The Frame Deflections and Reactions experiment fits into a Test Frame.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1405

Oblique Triangles in Everyday Life

Furthermore, it is possible to mention that the shape is universal, meaning that people from all over the world are familiar with it.
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 279

Torque and Equilibrium Experiment

Thus, the direction of the torque with respect to the point is essential and shows the ability of the body to rotate in the direction of the resultant vector.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 725

Astrology as Pseudo-Psychology

Astrology is likely to be the most popular form of pseudo-psychology, and it is based on a belief that the arrangement of stars and planets at the time of a person's birth determines personality traits [...]
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1663

Electrolysis of Metals to Refine

The product of electrolysis is obtained in a different physical state than that of the electrolyte used in the electrolytic cell.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1105

Contributions of Albert Einstein to Mankind

Photomultipliers are used in analyzing the disturbances in the emission of light, used in combination with scintillators for experiments, and used in medical instruments to determine the blood component levels.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1948

Scientific Theories of Atoms and Their Structure

Bohr's Theory Although the aforementioned atomic theory by Rutherford was accurate in that it predicted the existence of a dense nucleus in the core of an atom, it still had a few shortcomings.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1677

The Life Cycle of a Star

The brightness of a star is directly related to its mass since the greater the mass, the greater the amount of hydrogen available for use in the process of nuclear fusion.
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1362

The Wonders of the Universe

In his book Hawking while reviewing the writings of the Newton as well as Einstein, he discusses the role of God in the creation of the universe.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 14
  • Words: 3811

Theory, Practice, and Research Interrelationship

However, research can be understood as a process of the scientific study of an object to identify its patterns of occurrence, development, and transformation in the interests of society.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 567

A Metals Density Virtual Lab Experiment

The graduated cylinder was filled with the amount of metal powder, and the outcome was measured as the final volume. The density of the metal was determined using these measurements and the density formula ).
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 789

Human Access to Space and Space Flight

Therefore, these industries work together to develop cheap and efficient alternatives to local products with applications in outer space Finally, space exploration takes on new meaning when it comes to expanding the boundaries of human [...]
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 412

Reliability and Validity of Tests

Tests can be utilized as predictors when they demonstrate high levels of reliability and validity, having both factors is important for the most accurate and predictable results.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 297

The Importance of Space Exploration

It is evident in the study that spaceflight was the most instrumental element that acted as the driving force and backbone of the exploration processes to the orbital surface.
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2442

The Use of Mathematics in Advertisements

An example is the article "Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Three kinds of toothpaste in Reducing Dentin Hypersensitivity". This article uses mathematics in comparing the efficiency of kinds of toothpaste.
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 209

The Scientific Method; The Thumb Lab

The control in this experiment is the indication of the time needed to perform each of the listed procedures. The dependent variable in the experiment is the two examined conditions performing activities with thumbs and [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 449

Electrical Circuit Theory: Rectification Process

As such, a number of components like capacitors and inductors are incorporated in the final sections of the rectification circuit so as to result in a smoother output waveform. This is known as the rectification [...]
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1729

Importance of Science of Geology

The importance of geology is shown in the location of natural resources that comprise minerals, petroleum and natural gas. The importance of geology is witnessed in the detection and control of natural hazards.
  • Subjects: Geology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 298

Study of the Research Paradigm

The understanding of various approaches to identification of reality, objectivity and subjectivity of knowledge, systems of research, and methods of data collection and analysis is highly significant for modern scholars.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 615

Top 100 Female Tennis Players and Their Earnings

A pie chart display of the data shows that the individual country which had the highest number of female tennis players in the 2010 chart of best female tennis players was Russia, with a 14 [...]
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1447

Central Tendency and Its Measures

The measures of central tendency differ in how much use they make of the data, especially of the extreme values, but they are all trying to explain something about where the center of distribution lies.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 830

Quantitative Research Methods’ Types

The Independent variable is manipulated to determine effects on the dependent variables, and this is on subjects that are randomly assigned to the treatments in the experiment, they are not identified in natural groups as [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1234

Analysis of Variance: Limitations and Assumptions

Analysis of variance, which is also known as ANOVA refers to the techniques employed to analyze effects of categorical factors. Analysis of variance, which is also known as ANOVA refers to the techniques employed to [...]
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 684

Non-Conventional Energy Resources

In the world, there exist different forms of energy that are categorized into two groups that include the fossil fuels and non-fossil fuels.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 965

The Copernican Revolution

The Copernican revolution was defined as the change of belief from the Ptolemaic theory to the Copernican theory. The revolution was dependent on two decisions namely the denunciation of the Ptolemaic theory as untrue, and [...]
  • 4
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1180

India’s Mission to Mars

The writer of this paper argues that India's mission to Mars indicates a lack of prioritization by the national government and therefore, a waste of resources.
  • 4
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1171

Different Sources of Energy

However, while the wind and hydropower are renewable sources of energy, fossil fuels are not renewable. Wind energy and hydropower are some of the alternative sources of energy that have been explored.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 858

Psychological Research and the Scientific Method

The idea of perceived autonomy and self-determination theory has been chosen as the emphasis of the subject after a review of current social psychology research.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 925

Boyle’s Law: Gas’s Pressure and Volume

In accordance with Boyle's Law, with the increase of the volume comes the decrease in the pressure; therefore, with the increase of the intrapleural volume comes the decrease in the intrapleural pressure.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 301

Types of Scientific Method in Research

Altogether, through the purpose, problem, or research questions, the reader is introduced to the study's significance and rationale of the other features of the scientific methods.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 295

Dependent, Independent, and Extraneous Variables

The last type of variable is an extraneous variable, which stands for the type of variable that is not independent and is not explicitly controlled by the researcher, leading to some unexpected outcomes and effects [...]
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 275

Physics: Permeability of Free Space

To determine an experimental value of the permeability of free space o To investigate the balancing of repulsive magnetic between two wires with antiparallel currents by using a known gravitational force The setup for the [...]
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1108
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