Chemistry Essay Examples and Topics
The method of initial rates was employed in the determination of the order and rate law for the reaction. The power to which the concentrations of reactants are raised in a rate law is referred [...]
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This experiment aimed at establishing the concentration of iodine with time by quantifying the absorbance of the reacting solution at a wavelength of 410 nanometers and finally determining the initial velocity of the reaction.
The main difference between acidic and basic solutions is the concentration of hydrogens ions: for the former, it is higher than that of pure water, and for the latter, it is lower.
The objective of this experiment is to determine the amounts of the component parts of hydrated copper Sulfate. The third procedure is the scrutiny of sulfate ion in a sample of copper sulfate.
According to Kotz and Treichel, the solubility of various substances increases with increases in the temperatures of their surroundings, although this is not always the case.
Salicylic acid is administered in the form of tablets, a less irritating method, unlike in the early days where it was administered in the form of leaves.
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The chemical process in this experiment entails reacting salicylic acid and methanol in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, which catalyzes the reaction, and under reflux conditions to form methyl salicylate and water.
This point was the basic idea for performing this study, in which acetylsalicylic acid, which is the main component of analgesics, was actively hydrolyzed to salicylic acid: the reaction is shown in Figure 1.
The method of initial rates was employed in the determination of the order and rate law for the reaction. The rate of the reaction and the rate law expression for the reaction were then established [...]
Therefore, the moles of the limiting reagent is 0. 025, and the mole of the product is 0.025.
This paper focuses on the application of chemistry in life as well as some of the hazards that it has presented to life.
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The color change depends on the relative acid strength of the conjugate acid form of the indicator. Based on the equation above, the acid strength is calculated as:
This makes organic chemistry to have a very important role of describing the reaction of the carbon compounds. The aim of the experiment was to identify the functional group of the two unknown organic compounds.
Bomb Calorimetry is one of the methods to calculate the standard heat of the reaction of various chemical processes. One of the ways of its application is the determination of the standard heat of organic [...]
The TLC sheet was placed in a universal bottle containing solvent A with the line of origin nearest to the bottom but above the solvent. The positions of the solvent and each pigment molecule were [...]
The first objective of the experiment is to elucidate the formation of a ketone from alcohol through the process of pinacol rearrangement in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, heat, and boiling chips.
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Following the procedure in the production of acetone, the several materials emerge during and after the production. The production of acetone In the feed drum: A feed is a tank like object used in the [...]
The concentration of the chemical reactants also affects the rate of reaction by altering the number of reacting molecules. This increases the rate of collision and hence the rate of reaction.
The boiling point denotes the temperature position where the liquid-vapor pressure establishes an equilibrium with the atmospheric pressure, thus necessitating the liquid to transform into the gaseous phase.
The aim of the experiment was to isolate acetylsalicylic acid, acetanilide, and sucrose fractions from Phensuprin based on their acid-base solubility differences. Acetylsalicylic Acid or Aspirin Its synthesis involves treating salicylic acid with acetic anhydride [...]
The purpose of the experiment was to examine the expansion of a perfect gas by determining the specific heat ratio through an adiabatic process and the ratio of volume using an isothermal process.
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The second objective was to confirm that the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the tert-Butyl Chloride if the temperature is kept constant.
The pinacol rearrangement constitutes the dehydration of pinacol and the stabilization of carbocation by the shift of methyl. The mechanism of the pinacol rearrangement commences with the protonation of one of the two OH groups.
9g of potassium nitrate was added to the water, and the test tube was shaken until all the salt was submerged in the water.
Thus, the calculated molarity of NaOH is used to compute the molar solubility of KHT, which is the quantity of KHT moles that are liquefied in every liter before saturation level.
It contains either a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The equation links the measured pH of a solution, hydrogen ions concentration, and the dissociation constant of [...]
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The rate law demonstrates how the rate correlates with the concentrations of the components of the reaction. It is possible to note that "the power of the concentration in the rate law expression is called [...]
Some of the chemical processes used in the bottom-up approach include sol-gel process, the reaction of molecules in a flask, reverse microemulsion and flame synthesis, which have been used to make silica nanoparticles, nanozeolite, nanocatalysts [...]
The first ten droplets were collected in the first test tube at 80. As the temperature stabilized in the third test tube, 10 additional droplets were collected.
5 ml of KMnO4 were added to the second test tube, which was the color standard for the purple permanganate ion.
The percentage yield of acetanilide is the mass of acetanilide recovered, divided by the theoretical mass of acetanilide multiplied by 100.
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In the experiment, salicylic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acids to produce methyl salicylate and water as the only products.
The central purpose of this experiment is to study the primary salt effect in the oxidation reaction of iodide ions to iodine during sodium thiosulfate titration with appearance of salt KNO3 All steps of the [...]
Acetone is the simplest form of the ketones. Acetone is very crucial in the field of organic chemistry.
The rate of migration relies on the strength of the chemical interactions between the analyte and the mobile phase as well as the interactions between the analyte and the stationary phase.
Part of the crude product was recrystallized from ethanol and the remaining part was purified by column chromatography in the second week.
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In general, luminescence is understood as the glow of substances not accompanied by heat production but initiated by the absorption of photons.
In this view, retinol is unstable at room temperature and in the presence of air. Metabolism of retinyl esters and carotenoids produces retinol, which is an active molecule in the body.
Molar mass: 118. Molar mass: 18.
The pH of a solution at the equivalence point depends upon the nature of the acid and the base being titrated.
With the current technologies, an electrolyzer working at 100% efficiency needs 39 kWh of electricity to liberate 1 kg of hydrogen.
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This paper is therefore an in-depth analysis of the extraction of lubricating oils by looking at the methods of extraction, description of processes, purpose of extraction and new developments in lubricating oil extraction with emphasis [...]
In conclusion, meth is one of the most addictive drugs, with serious physiological and psychological complications hence, the need for individuals to watch their consumption habits.
The volume of the mixture was made to 200 mL in a measuring cylinder. The concentration of the protein in the supernatant was determined using a biuret reagent.
The first objective of the experiment was to demonstrate how pinacol undergoes rearrangement to form pinacolone under the catalysis of heat, acid, and boiling chips.
The addition of hydrochloric acid to the liver in beaker B lowered the pH for catalase. In beaker A, distilled water provided a neutral pH that was essential for the activity of catalase.
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In the first case, adding hydrochloric acid to the produced azo dye led to the change of the color from dark red to orange, and the reaction with sodium hydroxide resulted in the change from [...]
Of note, caution was taken to minimize the time of contact with the container as this would raise the temperatures of the container hence giving a false impression of the actual temperatures.
The Ka value stands for the dissociation constant of an acid, which is the measure of the potency of the acid in the solution.
These pathways are responsible for the breakdown of essential nutrients into Adenosine Triphosphate and other molecules necessary for the release of energy into the body.
To explore the base-catalyzed aldol condensation between 3, 4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 1-indanone under solvent-free conditions; To purify the product through recrystallization; To evaluate the melting point of the product.
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The objective of this experiment was to synthesize methyl salicylate from salicylic acid and methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst.
In this experiment, information was collected regarding the mass of the calorimeter and bowl, the mass of the empty calorimeter, the water, and the contents: all raw data are shown in Table 1.
The osmolarity of various solutions was also evaluated by noting the changes in weight of potato cylinders in the solutions. The movement of carmine particles in the water was random.
In analytical chemistry, there are several techniques for determining the formula of a complex compound, but in this laboratory work, the emphasis was on the applicability of Beer's law, recognizing the fact that when a [...]
The precipitative gravimetric analysis allows the use of a net ionic equation for the measurement of the mass of solid calcium oxalate, determination of percent composition of calcium in the salt using the empirical formula, [...]
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The first was to determine the unknown concentrations of samples A and B using linear dilution while the other employed the serial decimal dilution method.
First of all, it should be recalled that the use of electrochemical methods in quantitative analysis is based on the use of dependencies of measured parameters of electrochemical processes on the content or concentration of [...]
The use of corn in the production of ethanol has a number of drawbacks. This is attributed to the fact that the production of high amount of ethanol requires corn in large quantities.
The gas is used in the manufacture of ethane. The industry uses ethane to manufacture ethylene, which is a crucial resource in the manufacture of plastics and other chemical products.
Diffusion is the process of movement of atoms from higher concentration region to lower concentration region. The activation energy of vacancy diffusion is high compared to interstitial diffusion.
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The goal of this paper is to discuss the chemical properties of water that are most important for life on Earth.
Sodium chloride is a very important compound and it has thousands of uses in real life, few of them are as follows: NaCl is a raw product that is commonly used in the production of [...]
The goal of this experiment was to illustrate various parameters of radioactivity, including the plateau of a Geiger-Muller counter, finding the resolving time of a Geiger tube, verifying the inverse square law, measuring the penetrating [...]
The heating facilitates the production of formaldehyde gas that bonds the hair with the conditioner. The entire process exposes customers to the risk of inhaling the formaldehyde gas that has negative effects on the body.
The chemical reaction must be such that the energy released in the reaction is concentrated primarily in the excited vibrational states.
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The virtual gel should show the band pattern that would result from incubating the plasmid with restriction enzymes as indicated below.
Despite many challenges imposed on the balancing of equations of pertaining reactions, in school my interest was drawn into the study of organic chemistry, which entailed a study of organic carbon compounds.
5 ml solution of Zinc, Copper and lead were added each to one of the three test tubes containing the pieces of zinc.
An essential condition for the transition of substances to the state of liquid crystals that is for the potential for the existence of such materials is the presence of an asymmetric form of the molecules.
Table 1 contains the data of direct measurements and indirect calculations for p-nitroacetanilide as a product of the EAS reaction of acetanilide. Then the theoretical mass of p-nitroacetanilide could be obtained by the following calculations: [...]
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When the solution is treated with an acid, the H+ ions in the acid will add to the COO- to form COOH. The electrode of a pH meter is placed in the solution and the [...]
In the conversion of the precursor substance tyrosine to dopamine, the following process occurs: the rate-limiting biomolecule in catecholamine production is tyrosine hydroxylase.
The purpose of this laboratory work was to evaluate the ideal gas law for the case of gas in a syringe when the pressure was increased.
In the present laboratory work, the main issue is to investigate the potential relationship between WHC as a measure of moisture content and chicken pH; specifically, the question is to identify the effect of meat [...]
While focusing on the first chemical reaction known as analysis reaction it could also be termed chemical decomposition and it is also one of the most popular chemical reaction types.
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In the second part of the work, a mixture of 10 g of solid calcium hydroxide and 50 mL of drinking water in a beaker was initially created.
Undertake qualitative analysis of the product using IR and NMR techniques, which provide spectra of functional groups and chemical shifts respectively. Carry out qualitative analysis of the product using 2,4-DNP test, which can detect carbonyl [...]
The length of the shoot and root of the germinated seedlings was also measured and registered. Germination rate decreased in the solution of potassium chloride.
Therefore, the gluten content of flour affects the physical properties of flour and the corresponding baked products. The leavening agent was baking powder, which consists of sodium bicarbonate and potassium bitartrate.
However, it is important to note that the amount of products produced from the atmospheric distillation process is not always proportional to the demand of the products rather it depends on the amount of crude [...]
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Despite being various categories of the lube oil as mentioned earlier in the project, mineral lube oil from petroleum is the commonly preferred lubricating oil to the synthetic lube oil.Fig.showing lubricating oil The history of [...]
The general structure of an alkane is CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. The general structure of an alkene is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbons in the [...]
The water was carefully drained after 40 minutes, and the egg's weight in the cup was calculated. Meanwhile, we found that corn syrup had a lower concentration of water molecules; therefore, through osmosis, water molecules [...]
For the chemical and metallurgical industry, a thorough study of the properties of the materials used and the application of reference data for analysis and possible prediction of the results of a practical application is [...]
Compare the strengths of different types of intermolecular forces in molecules based on their boiling points. What are the molecules that the model uses in illustrating intermolecular forces?
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The purpose of the experiment is to study substitution reactions of alcohols because they can react as nucleophiles or electrophiles, depending on prevailing conditions of the reaction. This experiment illustrates the reaction of 1-butanol with [...]
In addition, silver is commonly formed in a wide variety of hydrothermal deposits and is associated with gold and the base metals such as copper, lead and zinc. Increase in silver concentration is an indicative [...]
Cyclohexene is a hydrocarbon with a formula C6H10. This molecule is related to cyclohexane ring with a replacement of one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group.
This variability is apparent in the morphology of starch granules regarding size and shape, the amount of amylose, the structure of amylopectin concerning the length of chains, and the position of branching.
The general background provides information on the various terms used to describe nylon, the history of nylon, a comparison between nylon and other natural materials, such as cotton and silk, and the standards set aside [...]
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The purpose of this report is to describe the history, structure, properties, and applications in real life of amorphous solids. The molecules of an amorphous solid have a short-range order of action.
However, regarding the title of the article, the examination of the gel formation is missing in the abstract, and several questions about the chosen research process emerge. The next section in the article is devoted [...]
Therefore, the presence of nitrite in water is usually used as an indication of pollution due to the formation of nitrite ions during the biodegradation of these compounds.
One of the defining features of ketones and aldehydes is that these compounds are not soluble in water. In conclusion, functional groups of organic compounds can help define some of their features, such as dissolution, [...]
Therefore, Alice Ball was a chemist whose scientific life and contributions to science led to the use of isolated ethyl ester from Chaulmoogra oil in the treatment of Hansen's disease.
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This laboratory experiment focuses on the chemical composition of cells, appropriate identification of which contributes to the understanding of distinctions between organic and inorganic chemicals.
The thermometer was positioned in the opening of the cardboard cover and its position was fiddled with to avoid the thermometer getting too deep into the calorimeter.
The organic compound has the following structure: The compound is highly soluble in water and alcohol because it is a polar organic compound and has a molecular weight of 291.82.
Determination of relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure is therefore important aspect towards determination of maximal energy expenditure, optimization of fat expenditure as secondary source of energy after carbohydrates and capacity to achieve energy [...]
The tertiary structure is the three dimensional structure of a single molecule of a protein. The breaking of a peptide bond is by the process of amide hydrolysis.
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The beaker containing all the available pennies and, also the beaker plus half the number of pennies were to be separately weighed and recorded initially before the commencement of the experiment.
This is achieved since the process changes the composition of the renewable fuels into a form that is similar to normal fossil fuels used by vehicles.
To prepare 500 grams of a 5% aqueous HCl solution, the chemist must have some basic information about the solute and the solution.
5 The popularity of polyethylene is rooted in the fact that this polymer is cheap, flexible, durable, and chemically resistant6 It is important to take a closer look at the manufacturing process in order to [...]
In fact, some studies have explored the unknown elements of the catalytic process in naphtha reforming. It is also necessary to note that elements in the hydrocarbons and concentrations of other elements are responsible for [...]
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The type of bonds and the combination depends on the position of each element in the periodic table. The elements in a compound are always in a fixed ratio and the arrangement is defined.
Lysine also plays a vital role in the immune system, as it helps the body fight off viruses and bacteria. It is also essential for hormone production, as it helps the body produce hormones such [...]
The chemical compositions of the reacting elements or compounds dictate the nature of the reaction. The chemical reaction entails the combustion of methane gas in the presence of oxygen gas, which are the reactants.
The researchers note that their experiment was designed to mimic the primitive earth's atmosphere and not the ideal conditions required for the development of amino acids. At the experiment's conclusion, the solution in the flask [...]
Results and outcomes of the experiment IR spectrographic analysis was performed for the obtained substance, the result of which is shown in Fig.1.
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A radioactive isotope is one that has an unstable nucleus, meaning that it can break apart and release a lot of energy. Fission releases energy by splitting the nucleus of a heavy element into two [...]
The choice of Glucose in the study is essential since it helps the body to function correctly as the primary energy source in the body cells.
The colorimetric method of analysis is used to determine the heat released during a chemical or physical process: the heat released in such reactions is transferred to the water by the change in temperature, of [...]
The importance of this research to modern society lies in the fact that chemical reactions on the surface of catalysts play a decisive role in many industries.
Essentially, this was the case in this paper; however, the interchanging of methods to the end interfered with the normal flow.
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The essence of LIBS is specific laser irradiation of the surface area of the analyzed solid object, due to which the ablation of matter takes place. The introduction of a second pulse to the generated [...]
In fact, the LIBS device has a two-pulse characteristic: the first laser pulse ablates the detachment of matter from the substance and the accompanying heating, and the subsequent second pulse is aimed at additional excitation [...]
Jensen explains that spectrophotometers can be used to make measurements where previous methods were unable to, like measuring the amount of light absorbed by a substance at different wavelengths.
The other aspect that enhanced the functionality of these EM is their ability to target various contaminants and remove them from water.