Oscar Wilde’s play The Importance of Being Earnest is notable for its symbolism and the use of food in it. At the beginning of the play, Jack is told that the cucumber sandwiches are reserved for Algernon’s aunt, while the butter sandwiches are meant for Gwendolen. Despite the warnings, Jack still eats them, making excuses for doing so. That way, his consuming these sandwiches represents him as a person who rejects contemporary rules. The delight the man has for the butter ones foreshadows his appreciation for Gwendolen and the upcoming obstacle that will stand between their marriages.
Another scene related to food is where Jack eats muffins, which Algernon perceives as heartless, given the scandal that occurred prior to them having tea. This is meant to emphasize the tension between the two characters and to portray Algy as an unwanted and unexpected guest in Jack’s house. Moreover, food consumption shows how outsiders may wrongfully perceive a certain situation. Gwendolyn and Cecily wrongfully assume that Algernon and Jack are embarrassed by their deeds.
Another notable implementation of symbolism is how Wilde contrasts class in the argument between the two young women. Tea, cake, butter, and sugar are implemented to demonstrate how one is wealthier than the other since cake is less prestigious than bread and butter. These groceries were used as an item to strengthen and emphasize their disagreement, as Cecily passes the cake to Gwendolen despite the latter’s request.
The fashionable status of bread and butter is implied by Fairfax herself, as she states that cake is rarely served in respectable locations. That way, the character takes a sarcastic jab at Cecily’s status and wealth, wanting to prove herself more worthy of her suitor than her opponent. Finally, the alter-ego created by Jack symbolizes expectations for a man during the Victorian era. His alter-ego, Ernest, is highly respected for his personality and manners, so Jack uses it when he goes to town. That way, by contrasting Jack and Ernest, Wilde compares a desired image in contemporary society and reality.
Reference
Wilde, O. (1899). The importance of being earnest.