Introduction
This paper is focused on delving into Eastern religions, including Taoism, and an in-depth look at its details and characteristics compared to Confucianism. To briefly summarize, in his chapter on Taoism, Houston Smith explores its essence and philosophical and spiritual underpinnings. He explores the concept of Tao, which is often described as a path in the context of ultimate reality (Smith, 2007, p. 97). The ambiguity of this concept and the different interpretations are highlighted as central to Taoist thought.
In addition, the idea of the guiding principle of life in search of harmony with the universe is emphasized. Taoism is defined as valuing the importance of a simple and natural life in tune with the rhythms of nature (Einzelgänger, 2019). The theme also explores key principles such as wu-wei, or non-action, and the idea that one should be in harmony with the Tao by accepting the paradoxes of life, which is similar to Confucianism.
Analysis of Arguments
Through comprehension and contemplation of the processed sources, one can focus on the main issues of reflection indicated in the lecture. Based on an understanding of Confucianism as a related manifestation, it can be controversial in its focus on ethical and moral teachings while having the principles of Taoism at its core. Without traditional religious elements, special rituals, and deities, it is not a religion in the full-fledged conventional sense.
Arguments about its status shed light on normative ways of defining religion, further highlighting the contradiction between Western-centered categories and the diversity of traditions and philosophies worldwide. This is also why Confucianism is not common among self-identifying believers, as it does not require a separate religious identity but functions as an ethical framework.
Due to the similarities in concepts, Taoism has more attributes peculiar to religions. According to Smith, however, Taoism is cited as potentially significantly influencing this current by emphasizing simplicity, natural harmony, and the concept of Tao (Smith, 2007). However, specific differences that make one wonder if the two currents are differentiated can also be noted.
In Confucianism, Te, or virtue, focuses more on morality and ethical excellence, enhancing human relationships. Meanwhile, Taoism likewise includes living in harmony with Tao, that is, embracing natural spontaneity, which is highlighted by practitioners of the religion (Thompson, 2017). That said, the author’s methods of reasoning on the topic confirm such, as the verstehen method allows for a believer’s perspective on the issue.
Moreover, in reading, one can note successful attempts to utilize the concept of epoche, that is, the disabling of biases to deepen understanding. It provides an objective and sensitive description of Taoism and Confucianism, highlighting valuable information about the traditions. However, the exploration of contemporary relevance and practice could have been more profound because even at the time of writing, the path of these religions had changed.
Reflection
In my reflections on the materials studied, I found that the emphasis on simplicity and living in harmony with nature particularly resonated with my own experiences and beliefs. The globalized and digitalized modern world does not correlate with the principles of inaction, which motivates one to reflect on the importance of taking a step back and allowing life to flow at its natural rhythm without speeding it up to the point of impossibility. Even though applying such principles is not easy, many may find that being at one with nature is very satisfying and peaceful.
Conclusion
Thus, the themes and key concepts discussed confirm that humans should be in harmony with the Tao while maintaining an ethical existence. Readings confirm the undeniable connection between the two religions examined, though Confucianism may not be understood as one. Studying this ancient tradition has broadened my understanding of it and promotes personal growth when elements of philosophy are incorporated into daily life. Thus, I can use these teachings as comfort, peace of mind, and guidance on self-discovery and development.
References
Einzelgänger. (2019). Taoism – the philosophy of flow [Video]. YouTube. Web.
Smith, H. (2007). The world’s religions. World Wisdom.
Thompson, G. (2017). Taoism (Daoism) explained by Taoist master [Video]. YouTube. Web.