Hollis, M. E. (2019). Disaggregating gang activity: an exploratory study of the socio-demographic context of gang activity. Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(4), 441-458.
This study identifies relationships between neighborhood structure measured by concentrated disadvantage, residential stability, immigration, racial composition, population age and gender, and gang crime. This source is relevant as it allows identifying sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors contributing to gang violence and its deterrent. This source is a scholarly study published in the journal Crime, Law, and Social Change. The author is a Northeastern University Ph.D. researcher in policing, communities, and crime and has authored 47 academic papers in the field, suggesting the credibility of the research.
25 Dreadful Gang Violence Statistics for 2022. (2022). Safe at Last. Web.
This article provides a compilation of statistics on gang violence in the United States, the number and size of gangs, the number of people involved in such activities, reasons for joining a gang, and types of crimes committed. The value of this source lies in providing recent statistics reflecting the scale and severity of the gang problem, a typology of gangs, and discussing various deterrence strategies statistics. The disadvantage is that the article is not a primary source but only summarizes statistical information from other studies. However, the source’s credibility can be confirmed by the fact that the authors provide all references and sources of information that are official studies and reports from government agencies such as the FBI, U.S. Department of Justice, National Gang Center, and others.
Russell, K. (2021). What works to prevent youth violence: a summary of the evidence. Crime and Justice Social Research. Web.
This report brings together high-quality international data on what works to prevent youth violence and provides information on the evidence base and effectiveness associated with different approaches and interventions. The value of this source lies in providing an assessment of various methods of gang violence deterrence with specific descriptions of programs and interventions, including mentoring, as well as an analysis of their effectiveness based on the data obtained in different countries. This source is a report by the Violence Reduction Unit and Justice Analytical Services. The author holds a Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology and is an active researcher and author of numerous academic articles on violence reduction.
Valasik, M., Reid, S.E. (2022). Taking Stock of Gang Violence: An Overview of the Literature. National Partnership to End Interpersonal Violence Across the Lifespan (NPEIV), 2045-2065. Web.
This source examines the complex relationship of violence to group identity, victimization, participation, gender, proximity, and social distance. The value of this source for work is that it reveals what gang and gang violence are, the factors behind the emergence and definition of gangs, the ideological foundations and unique features of gangs, which can provide ground for a more fundamental approach to the analysis of gang violence containment. The authors are professors and PhD holders, and have authored over 40 scientific papers in various peer-reviewed journals.