Background
The events of the Second World War left a deep imprint on world history. Considering the consequences of the cruel treatment of Jewish people is of particular value. Particular attention should be paid to such practices as shock therapy applied to them. There is an opinion that this measure affected not only the victims of this cruel measure but also left an imprint on future generations. This paper is going to investigate the research question, “How did the experience of shock therapy in concentration camps during the Holocaust impact the development of generational trauma in Jewish individuals and their descendants?”
Before proceeding to the annotated bibliography, it is worth noting several vital aspects on which it was based. First, the keywords that were used when searching for materials were “shock therapy,” “shock therapy in concentration camps,” “generational trauma in Jewish people,” “Holocaust trauma, and “shock therapy.” This choice of words provided an opportunity to find sources that focused on each of these aspects.
This was due to the need to assess the severity of the trauma, how it occurred, what shock therapy was, and the nature of the psychological trauma. It is worth noting that the literature was searched for the most relevant and relevant, that is, written no more than five years ago. However, there was a problem with finding primary sources that are characterized by later years of writing.
Annotated Bibliography
Burchardt, Natasha. 2020. “Transgenerational Transmission in the Families of Holocaust Survivors in England.” In Between Generations, 121–137. Milton Park: Routledge.
This source is helpful because it provides a collection of the experiences of people who survived the events of the Holocaust. This aspect is essential for this work as it will help answer the part of the research question that concerns the Holocaust’s impact on the development of generational trauma in Jewish individuals and their descendants. This book has had an effect through the presentation of authentic and honest experiences of Holocaust survivors and their suffering.
Wójcik-Dudek, Małgorzata. 2020. Reading (in) the Holocaust: Practices of Postmemory in Recent Polish Literature for Children and Young Adults. Berlin: Peter Lang.
The study of the book provides insight into the experiences and imprint that the events of the Holocaust left on the Jewish population. In addition, it shows how the experience experienced by the ancestors is reflected in modern fiction, which is aimed at educating the younger generation. This source influenced the formation of the idea of how strong the generation trauma is facing the Jewish people.
Bakker, Roelof. 2020. “A Boy’s Own Trauma: Revisiting a Photograph Recorded in a Nazi Concentration Camp First Encountered as a Child.” European Journal of Life Writing 9.
The author provides an analysis and description of a photo that was taken in a concentration camp. He delves deeply into the events that took place there and provides authentic recollections of the participant of the photo, and how it all affects the future of society. This source provided an opportunity to assess the contribution of the terrible events of the concentration camp on individuals there.
Krauskopf, Irene Esther, Glen William Bates, and Roger Cook. 2023. “Children of Holocaust Survivors: The Experience of Engaging with a Traumatic Family History.” Genealogy 7 (1), 20.
This literary source is valuable when considering and studying the issue of research, as it represents a valuable insight into generational trauma as a consequence of the Holocaust of World War II. In other words, it provides an opportunity to realize how negative actions toward Jews were transmitted to the next generations (Krauskopf et al., 2023). An article by Krauskopf et al. helped me recognize the complexity of this process and its profound effect.
Greenfeld, Daliya, Andrea Reupert, and Nicky Jacobs. 2022. “Living Alongside Past Trauma: Lived Experiences of Australian Grandchildren of Holocaust Survivors.” Family Relations.
The benefit of this article is that the authors emphasize that “intergenerational transmission of trauma occurred and included both features of vulnerability and resilience” (Greenfeld, Reupert, and Jacobs 2022, 1). Thus, it also contributed to the opinion that it is necessary to study the process of formation and the course of trauma. The use of this work can help form the basis of the argument about generational trauma and its consequences.
Czech, Herwig, Gabor S. Ungvari, Kamila Uzarczyk, Paul Weindling, and Gábor Gazdag. 2020. “Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Shadow of the Gas Chambers: Medical Innovation and Human Experimentation in Auschwitz.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 94 (2), 244-266.
The source from Czech et al. (2020) focuses on the study of Electroconvulsive Therapy in concentration camps that were carried out on Jewish people. In addition to confirming the negative impact of this approach on people, this work contributes to gaining an understanding of how everything was implemented and what was included in this process. This research work influenced my thinking by revealing aspects that are worth paying attention to.
Bloch, Alice. 2022. “How Memory Survives: Descendants of Auschwitz Survivors and the Progenic Tattoo.” Thesis Eleven 168 (1), 107–122.
The importance of this literary source is attached to the study of intergenerational memory, which is permeated by survivors of concentration camps and their descendants. The author points out the differences between how people remember and tell about the history of their ancestors in public and private settings (Bloch 2022). This article has contributed to the formation of the idea that trauma can be realized in different ways in generations of Jews who died in the Holocaust.
Glassman, Gaby. 2022. “Living with the Legacy of the Holocaust through the Generations.” European Judaism 55 (1). 1–27.
This source is valuable because it focuses on the study “second- and third-generation children of survivors of refugees from Nazi persecution” (Glassman 2022, 1). The uniqueness of this article is the emphasis on the problems experienced by representatives of the third generation of Holocaust survivors. The article by Glassman influenced how I see the problem under study and how it affects generations after the Holocaust.
Paris, Joel. 2022. “Why Electroconvulsive Therapy Still Carries a Stigma.” The British Journal of Psychiatry 220 (3), 113–114.
This scientific work focuses entirely on Electroconvulsive Therapy, what it is, and what consequences it can cause, which is important for this work. Moreover, it examines the reasons for the stigmatization of this intervention (Paris 2022). It can be used to construct an argument regarding the research question, as it provides an understanding and indications of shock therapy.
Kleinplatz, Peggy J., and Paul Weindling. 2022. “Women’s Experiences of Infertility After the Holocaust.” Social Science & Medicine 309, 115250.
The article from Kleinplatz and Weindling (2022) provides insight into how women in concentration camps were subjected to measures, including shock therapy, to make them infertile. Moreover, they indicate the long-term effect that these interventions had both on them and on future generations. This research paper contributed to the transformation of opinion about the ways in which therapy was used and what consequences it caused.
Kislitsina, Olga N., Jonathan D. Rich, Jane E. Wilcox, Duc T. Pham, Andrei Churyla, Esther B. Vorovich, Kambiz Ghafourian, and Clyde W. Yancy. 2019. “Shock–classification and pathophysiological principles of therapeutics.” Current Cardiology Reviews 15 (2), 102–113.
This scientific article pays great attention to ways to treat shock in patients. It is crucial for analysis and interpretation because it raises awareness of what kind of help can be provided to individuals whose ancestors were in concentration camps (Kislitsina et al., 2019). In addition, this article helped to gain an understanding of how stress affects the human body and transforms its functioning.
Sartorius, Alexander. “History of ECT in Germany.” NACT. 2023. Web.
The source from Sartorius (n.d.) is especially valuable for studying the issue of research, as it examines the history of the emergence of shock therapy in concentration camps in Germany. Thus, researchers can gain an understanding of this process, including the cases in which it was reproduced and through which stages of development the technology passed. This scientific work influenced my attitude to shock therapy as a way of treating patients.
An, Xianli, and Xiujian Shi. 2020. “Effects of electroconvulsive shock on neuro-immune responses: Does neuro-damage occur?” Psychiatry Research 292, 113289.
The source from An and Shi (2020) can be used when constructing an argument to answer a research question, as it provides information about electroconvulsive therapy. Researchers gain an understanding of what is included in this process, its impact on the functioning of the human body and brain, and its main negative consequences. This source has affected how I treat this measure as a tool for the treatment of individuals.