The Implementation of Kangaroo Care in Hospitals Research Paper

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Research Question: What are the factors influencing the implementation of Kangaroo Care in a hospital environment?

Independent Variables: Kangaroo Care and Hospital environment.

Dependent Variables: Implementation.

Kangaroo care (KC), an evidence-based clinical care practice, aims to reduce the prevalence of death rates in preterm infants. Despite the several positive findings on the use of KC, several barriers exist in the implementation of the intervention across hospital compared to such conventional method as the use of Incubator. In this case, such factors as maternal education, household income, KC awareness and information, and lack of enough nurses in the hospitals among other factors, derail the efforts of reducing preterm deaths using KC.

#	APA Citation	Quantitative/Qualitative	Study Research Questions	Study IV and DV	Findings
1	Lewis et al., 2019	Qualitative	What are the barriers and facilitators to provision of Kangaroo Mother Care in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit?	Study IV: Kangaroo Mother Care and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Study DV: Barriers and facilitators	Such structural barriers as costly accommodations, unreliable transportation, lack of child care, and inadequate maternity leave policies limit the frequency and duration of KMC and parental ability to provide care.
2	Tully et al., 2016	Qualitative	What are the effects of kangaroo care (KC) on breastfeeding outcomes in preterm infants? Does maternal–infant characteristics and the mother’s choice to use KC related to breastfeeding measures?	Study IV: Preterm infants and KC Study DV: Effects of KC, breastfeeding outcomes, maternal–infant characteristics, Mother’s choice.	Mothers who practiced KC were more likely to breast fed their infants than those who did not practice KC. Breastfeeding duration was greatest among more educated women.
3	Lydon et al., 2018	Qualitative	What are the community and health worker’s understanding, attitudes, beliefs and practices around preterm and low birth weight babies and KMC in Malawi?	Study IV: Preterm babies, low birth weight babies, and KMC. Study DV: Community and health worker’s understanding, attitudes, beliefs and practices	KMC mothers and fathers only learned about KMC after delivery of a child. Gender bias in KMC counseling due to societal gender roles.
4	Zhang et al., 2018	Quantitative	What are the current knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding KC among NICU nurses in China using the ‘Kangaroo Care Questionnaire’?	Study IV: Kangaroo Care and NICU nurses, Kangaroo Care Questionnaire Study DV: Knowledge, beliefs and practices Response rates	Findings showed that 47.7% (n=411) of 861 nurses had participated in the implementation of KC. Neonatal nurses in the ‘experienced in KC’ group showed an overall better understanding of KC and its benefits with a higher ‘correct response’ rate than those in the ‘not experienced in KC’ group. In the ‘experienced in KC’ group, over 90% considered KC beneficial to the parent-baby relationship and attachment, and over 80% believed that KC positively affected outcomes of preterm infants. The ‘not experienced in KC’ group perceived more barriers to KC implementation than did the ‘experienced in KC’ group
5	Parsa et al., 2018	Quantitative	What is the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on physiological parameters of premature infants in Fatemiyeh Hospital in Hamadan?	Study IV: Kangaroo Mother Care. Study DV: Physiological parameters of premature infants	Before any intervention, there was no significant difference between the physiological parameters of the infants (heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood oxygen saturation and temperature) in experimental (KMC one hour every week) and control groups (non-KMC). However, after intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of physiological indices (p < 0.001) showing the effect of KMC on enhancement of physiological indices.

References

Lydon, M., Longwe, M., Likomwa, D., Lwesha, V., Chimtembo, L., Donohue, P., Guenther, T., & Valsangar, B. (2018). Starting the conversation: Community perspectives on preterm birth and kangaroo mother care in southern Malawi. Journal of Global Health, 8(1), 1-11. Web.

Lewis, T.P., Andrews, K.G., Shenberger, E., Betancourt, T.S., Fink, G., Pereira, S., & McConnell, M. (2019). Caregiving can be costly: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to conducting kangaroo mother care in a US tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(227), 1-12. Web.

Parsa, P., Karimi, S., Basiri, B., & Roshanaei, G. (2018). The effect of kangaroo mother care on physiological parameters of premature infants in Hamadan City, Iran. The Pan African Medical Journal, 30(89), 1-8. Web.

Tully, K.P., Holditch-Davis, D., White-Traut, R.C., David, R., O’Shea, T.M., & Geraldo, V. (2016). A test of kangaroo care on preterm infant breastfeeding. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 45(1), 45-61. Web.

Zhang, Y., Deng, Q., Zhu, B., Li, Q., Wang, F., Wang, H., Xu, X., & Johnston, L. (2018). Neonatal intensive care nurses’ knowledge and beliefs regarding kangaroo care in China: A national survey. BMJ Open, 8(8), 1-9. Web.

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