The role of the infinitely small in nature is infinitely significant. It is difficult not to agree with this statement of Louis Pasteur. Many problems in biotechnologies are solved precisely by the use of microorganisms. Today, the field of their use in human life is so vast and diverse that it makes an invaluable contribution to the development of such industries as health, industry, and the functioning of the environment.
The field of application of bacteria or microorganisms in medicine and health is so significant that their role in treating many diseases in humans is simply invaluable. In our lives, they are necessary for the creation of blood substitutes, antibiotics, antiviral and anti-cancer drugs (Łukasiewicz & Fol, 2018). Information about the qualitative and quantitative composition of the set of microorganisms of a healthy person is essential for biotechnologists since a person is a constant participant in production processes and a source of the possible entry of bacteria there.
The role of microorganisms is also significant in the environment. They catalyze the unique and most important reactions of the living world: they break down dead organic biomass, are capable of photosynthesis, and participate in the global cycles of many elements. Microorganisms absorb viruses and prevent them from developing in the water element. In water bodies, they are necessary for the normal life of marine life, which consume them together with food and water. Microorganisms are involved in the processes of transformation of substances, their assimilation by plants and animals.
The application of biological agents in industries, namely the use of bacteria to produce specific products or carry out controlled, directed changes, is the basis of biotechnology. The most widespread in the food industry are lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Strains of microorganisms in various forms are used for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Microorganisms contribute to the oxidation of organic substances, the removal of various pollutants.
From the above, it can be seen that human life is inextricably linked with living microorganisms for quite a long time. The study of the influence of physical, chemical, and biological factors on the vital activity of microorganisms allows regulating their vital activity. Furthermore, their study makes it possible to effectively manage the processes of cultivation of microorganisms and better use of biotechnological processes, including when applying them in such industries as medicine, ecology, or industry.
Reference
Łukasiewicz, K., & Fol, M. (2018). Microorganisms in the treatment of cancer: advantages and limitations. Journal of immunology research.