Broad Definition of Jihad
In its broadest sense, Jihad refers to any sincere and conscious effort to seek the pleasure of Allah and promote goodness. This concept includes the personal struggle of each Muslim for his “purity” in the understanding of Islam and trying to build a correct community from a religious point of view (Murata & Chittick, 1996, p. 36).
Armed Struggle and Its Regulations
While jihad includes armed struggle as a last resort to defend Muslims and promote justice, it is subject to strict regulations in Islamic law. It should not be conflated with terrorism or violence against innocent people. However, the concept of holy war is often embedded in the word “jihad.” This type of Jihad is considered the most controversial aspect of Islam by many non-Muslims.
Defensive vs. Offensive Jihad
Defensive Jihad is regarded as an individual and collective obligation when an external enemy attacks or threatens a Muslim community (Murata & Chittick, 1996, p. 42). All non-disabled Muslims are required to defend themselves and their lands. Offensive Jihad refers to the spread of Islam to new territories and the protection of Muslims in those countries where they are a minority.
Impact on Public Perception
Because of this interpretation of Jihad, it is precise that non-Muslims have a negative impression of this religion. Recently, Awso Peshdary, an ISIS recruiter from Ottawa, publicly de-announced Jihad and said he had “let down his Islamic family” (Dimmock, 2023). Because radical Islamist groups such as ISIS use Muslim symbols, texts, and slogans to legitimize their actions, Islam becomes a violent and aggressive religion in the eyes of the public. Muslims are unfairly stereotyped and marginalized based on the steps of a tiny minority of extremists who do not represent their faith or values.
Media Portrayal and Misconceptions
The media portrayal of Muslims as dangerous terrorists leads to mutual distrust and hostility. The actions of Awso Peshdary and other Islamic radicals harm the perception of Muslims. However, such radical manifestations are marginal: most Muslims do not support extremist ideas, and are inclined to peacefulness and constructive activities.
Emphasis on Social Justice
Islam places great emphasis on social justice and equality, and this is reflected in the concept of Zakat, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, which requires Muslims to give a portion of their wealth to those in need (Murata & Chittick, 1996, p. 38). It is necessary to prevent the spread of stereotypes about Muslims as dangerous extremists. Mutual understanding and respect between representatives of various religions are essential for the global prosperity of humanity.
References
Dimmock, G. (2023). ‘I have failed the Muslim community’ – Ottawa ISIS recruiter denounces jihad. Ottawacitizen. Web.
Murata, S., & Chittick, W. C. (1996). The vision of Islam: The foundations of Muslim faith and practice. I.B. Tauris.