Introduction
In modern society, the problem of inequality of powers and freedoms between different population groups is of particular concern. This leads to various difficulties and conflicts that contribute to the division, not the cohesion of society. In the essay “Scratching the Surface: Some Notes on Barriers to Women and Loving,” Audre Lorde presents an example of the negative contribution of vertical lines of power and authority and how it impacts marginalized and oppressed groups. This topic is also raised in Hurston’s “Sweat” and Staples’s “Black Men in Public Spaces.” The analysis of these works will provide an understanding of how vertical lines of power and authority affect oppressed people and the importance of limiting this issue.
On the Verticals Lines of Power or Authority in Black Literature
Scratching the Surface
First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the topics emphasized in Audre Lorde’s work. Among the most prominent are power, marginalization, and horizontal hospitality. Their significance lies in the fact that each, in one way or another, negatively affects the Black community and white women.
The author provides an opinion that power operates in vertical lines, in other words, from top to bottom, reinforcing societal hierarchies and maintaining oppressive systems (Lorde 32). In addition, Lorde identifies several factors that have the greatest impact, including gender, race, sexual preferences, and class (Lorde 32-33). Knowledge of these aspects provides an opportunity to better understand what measures should be taken to simulate the problem under discussion.
It is also worth paying attention to the fact that at the very end of this power structure, there are women. Such indicators as race, sexual preferences, or socio-economic status contribute to this circumstance. They are constantly subjected to the limitations and constraints imposed by these hierarchies.
Lorde pointed out that these lines of power prohibit women’s ability to love, cooperate, and live freely (34-35). Society’s expectations and norms, often dictated by those in positions of power, shape how women should express themselves and form connections. These expectations can be suffocating, preventing women from fully embracing their desires and experiencing genuine intimacy.
These power dynamics highlight the objectification and dehumanization of women, especially the Black lesbians. The discussed vertical lines prevent Black women from being seen and loved for who they truly are. Moreover, these maintain conflict within the Black community and hinder the cooperation of individuals involved in it. Lorde argues that to challenge these lines of power, Black women must reclaim and embrace their sexual diversity, sensuality, creativity, and self-expression (33-34). By exploring and gaining awareness about their erotic power, they can challenge the limitations put by societal norms and construct new ways of loving and connecting with others.
Sweat
The vertical lines of power in Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat” are represented through the unequal power dynamics between Delia and Sykes’ marriage. Delia is constantly subjected to Sykes’ abuse and mistreatment, which is reinforced by his physical dominance (Hurston 25-26). Sykes’ actions reflect the patriarchal power structure that exists within society, where men have more authority and control than women. Delia’s low position in this power hierarchy is emphasized throughout the story. She is portrayed as a hardworking and resilient woman, but her partner constantly devalues her efforts. He dismisses her work and even brings a venomous snake into the home, knowing Delia has a phobia. Sykes uses his physical strength to intimidate and control Delia, strengthening his position of power and her vulnerability.
Delia’s lack of agency is further highlighted by the imbalance in her relationship with Sykes and his dependence on her. She is trapped in an abusive marriage because her husband relies on her for financial stability as he does not earn money. Sykes takes advantage of this power imbalance, using it to exert control over her. Delia’s inability to escape her oppressive circumstances is a result of the societal norms and expectations that limit women’s autonomy and reinforce their subordination.
Black Men in Public Spaces
An example of vertical lines of power or authority can be traced in the work of Brent Staples. This essay, titled “Black Men in Public Spaces,” discusses men constantly subjected to this problem. Staples recounts numerous instances where he is perceived as a threat due to his race (Staples para. 10). This was manifested in the fact that his presence in any place often caused people to feel fear and suspicion.
This circumstance is an example of such an issue as deeply ingrained racial biases in society. Thus, vertical lines of power in this essay are shown as serious limitations of freedom and force for individuals. Because of this, they have to constantly navigate a world that views them as dangerous only because of their skin color.
Delia and Staples are profoundly impacted by the vertical lines of power or authority in their respective works. Delia’s position as a black woman in a patriarchal society limits her options and leaves her feeling trapped and powerless. She is denied the ability to love freely and instead must endure a loveless marriage filled with abuse. On the other hand, Staples is forced to alter his behavior and appearance to mitigate the fear and suspicion directed towards him. These oppressive power dynamics deny him the basic right to exist comfortably in public spaces without being perceived as a threat.
Conclusion
The portrayal of vertical lines of power or authority in Hurston’s and Staples’ writings highlights the profound impact these systems have on individuals’ lives. Delia and Staples face the consequences of these oppressive forces, experiencing limited agency, restricted freedom, and the denial of their basic humanity. Examining these stories makes it clear that dismantling these vertical lines of power or authority is crucial in creating a more equitable and just society. Only by challenging and dismantling these systems can individuals truly experience love, freedom, and equality.
Works Cited
Hurston, Zora Neale. Sweat. Rutgers University Press, 1997.
Lorde, Audre. “Scratching the Surface: Some Notes on Barriers to Women and Loving.” The Black Scholar, vol. 9, no. 7, 1978, pp. 31–35. Web.
Staples, Brent. “Black Men and Public Spaces.” Year Up – National Capital Region, 1986. Web.
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