A fungus infection known as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects the vulva and vagina. The fungus Candida, which typically exists in microscopic numbers in the body, overgrows. Itching, burning, vaginal discharge, and redness and swelling of the vulva are all signs of VVC. Antifungal medicines, either topical or oral, can be used to treat VVC. It is widespread and prone to recur, particularly in women with compromised immune systems.
During a physical examination for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a healthcare provider may observe symptoms such as redness, swelling, and itching of the vulva. They may also detect a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge from the vagina.
Diagnosis of VVC typically involves a pelvic examination, and a sample of the vaginal discharge is taken for examination under a microscope or culture (Pekmezovic et al., 2019). This assessment can help confirm the presence of the Candida fungus and rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. In some cases, a healthcare provider may also perform other tests, such as a wet mount or a KOH test, to confirm the diagnosis of VVC.
Treatment for VVC typically involves antifungal medications. The first type of drug is topical antifungals, which are applied directly to the affected area and include creams, ointments, and suppositories. Examples include clotrimazole, miconazole, and terconazole. These medications are usually used for mild to moderate cases of VVC and are applied for 3-7 days (Pekmezovic et al., 2019).
The second type involves the administration of oral antifungals, which are taken by mouth and include fluconazole (Diflucan) and itraconazole (Sporanox). These medications are usually used for moderate to severe cases of VVC or for cases that do not respond to topical treatment.
Recent antibiotic use may predispose to Candida vaginitis because antibiotics can disrupt the average balance of bacteria in the body. The Candida fungus is usually present in the vagina in small amounts, but when the balance of bacteria is disrupted, the fungus can overgrow and cause an infection.
Similarly, women with diabetes mellitus are more predisposed to developing yeast infections because diabetes can lead to an overgrowth of yeast (Pekmezovic et al., 2019). High glucose levels in the blood can create an ideal environment for the yeast to grow and cause an infection.
References
Pekmezovic, M., Mogavero, S., Naglik, J. R., & Hube, B. (2019). Host–pathogen interactions during female genital tract infections. Trends in Microbiology, 27(12), 982-996. Web.