Introduction
President Woodrow Wilson’s shifting perspective on the war was greatly influenced by the early World War I events, which led to a change in his position from neutrality to one of greater intervention.
Neutrality Position
Wilson upheld a tight neutrality stance at the start of the war in 1914, highlighting the US determination to refrain from interfering in European affairs. Wilson’s viewpoint did, however, change as the conflict intensified, and many occurrences took place in response to a changed geopolitical environment and altering public opinion.
Turning Point in the Worldview
In May 1915, the RMS Lusitania sank, and this event significantly altered Wilson’s viewpoint. The loss of American lives in the sinking of a British passenger ship led to widespread outrage and drew the United States further into the conflict (Doenecke, 2021).
From Diplomacy to War
Wilson had initially advocated for diplomacy and prudence, but as time went on, he grew more concerned about the aggressive tactics of the Central Powers, notably Germany. His decision to send Germany a series of memos and demands seeking an end to unlimited submarine warfare was inspired by these events. Wilson’s belief that U.S. involvement in the war was essential to safeguarding American interests and principles grew stronger as Germany continued to employ such military strategies and as the Zimmermann Telegram, which revealed German-Mexican cooperation, came to light.
From War to Peace
Lastly, President Wilson presented Congress with his infamous “Fourteen Points” speech in January 1918, in which he stated his goals for a fair and durable peace. His idealistic worldview emphasized international collaboration, self-determination, and the prevention of future crises (Doenecke, 2021).
Conclusion
Wilson came to believe that U.S. participation in the conflict was necessary to secure a place at the bargaining table and the adoption of these ideals. President Wilson’s attitude steadily changed as a result of the early World War I events, and in April 1917, he called for the Central Powers to be declared at war.
References
Doenecke, J. D. (2021). The peace that never was, 1916–1917: a review essay. The Historian, 83(4), 475-488. Web.