A person is a trichotomy and not a dichotomy due to direct evidence from the Bible. Although dichotomy can be argued with the dualism of physical body and human soul and spirit, which some may call consciousness, spirit, and soul are separate in their nature. Therefore, a human being is a trichotomy with a distinct body, soul, and spirit.
The main reason why the trichotomy position is correct and dichotomy is not can be found in specific biblical references. The sacred text uses precise terms when referring to one’s spirit and one’s soul indicating their intrinsic differences. For example, it is stated: “may God himself, the God of peace, sanctify you through and through. May your whole spirit, soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ” (NIV Bible, Thess. 5.23). In other words, trichotomy is directly referred to without leaving out one or the other. Another strong verse: “for the word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart” (NIV Bible, Hebr. 5.23). Thus, one can conclude that spirit and soul are separable by the word of God.
In conclusion, a person is comprised of a trichotomy, not a dichotomy, because spirit and soul are not one. The Bible directly points towards such a concept by addressing each with its own term. The text does not mix or blend soul with spirit since they belong to different realms, such as spiritual and psychological ones, whereas the human body is a realm of physical senses.
Work Cited
The NIV Bible. Crossway, 2011, www.biblegateway.com.