Abnormal Behavior: Anxiety, Mood-Affective, Dissociative-Somatoform Research Paper

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Living in a fast and overcrowded world, people usually act in the condition of constant stress and tense. The cases of abnormal behavior and some other disorders have increased recently in society. Considering the abnormal behavior of people, the following disorders may be identified, such as anxiety, mood or affective, and dissociative or somatoform, which have different diagnoses, symptoms, and criteria, which may be analyzed from the point of view of biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives.

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People’s abnormal behavior is usually characterized as “behavior that significantly differs from some consensually agreed upon norm and that is in some way harmful to the differently behaving person or to others” (Meyer, 2006, p. 1). The main behavioral disorders, which are identified among others, are anxiety, mood or affective, and dissociative/somatoform disorders. All these disorders have biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics, which have some specific identities if to consider them from the point of view of different disorders.

Considering anxiety, the definition of this disorder may be given as follows: anxiety is the emotional suffering, which bothers people by means of fears and anxious behavior. Anxiety may be discussed from different perspectives, such as behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and biological, and the symptom, which these perspectives identify, may be helpful in the diagnosis implementation. The specific diagnosis, from the cognitive perspective, is the difficulty in concentration, problems with memorizing things, and concentration on different things and conversations. Turning to emotional diagnoses, the following issues may be pointed out, abnormal worry, which is characterized by feelings of unexpected worry and anxiety without any visible reasons, and restlessness, constant worry, and inability to relax. Sleep disturbance, which is found out by sleeplessness and unexpected wakes up at night, and irritability, the main features of which are nervousness, inability to calm down, and crying and hysterics without any reason, are the behavioral perspective of the problem. The biological component, which may be identified in the discussed case, is muscle tension, which is characterized by the constant pain and stress of the whole body in muscles (Hansell & Damour, 2005). The combination of all these symptoms may never function in one person, so the diagnosis should be provided separately to every person, as well as the treatment.

Discussing mood or affective disorder, the main characteristic of which is fast and often change of the emotional condition of the person, the two main types may be identified, bipolar disorder and depressions disorder. The main feature of this type of disorder is that it may be characterized only from emotional and behavioral perspectives. To be more specific, there are three diagnoses, which may be stressed, schizophrenia, mania, and depression (in general, there are a lot of diagnoses as the mental condition of every person is different as well as the number of symptoms and diseases are varied). To put additional light on the problem it may be stressed that the attempts of subsiding are usually noticed in people who suffer from mood or affective disorder. The criteria, according to which the diagnoses may be identified may be behavior and emotional in the discussed disorder, as it was mentioned. The behavioral disorder may be viewed in the cases when a person withdraws from society, acts in theatrical roles, provides some aggression or just his/her behavior is changeable fast and rapidly. Delusions, hallucinations, disinterest in life, rapid change of mood, the feeling of constantly being watched, dissatisfaction with life, unwillingness to speak to anybody, and sad mood are the general emotional criteria, according to which mood or affective disorder may be identified (Hansell & Damour, 2005).

Analyzing the dissociative or somatoform disorder, the core idea of the problem should be explained. Dissociative or somatoform disorder is characterized as a problem, which occurs on the conscious level with the body organs without any visual trouble with them. The definition is rather confusing and should be discussed. The person feels some problem with his/her health, some pain in organs or inability to operate some simple actions, but the problem is not in the body organs, but in mind, as all signals to a person’s body comes through his/her brain. From the biological perspective, the following disease may be diagnosed through the following symptoms, blindness, amnesia, tingling or crawling, extend or loss of pain, paralysis, troubles in the functions of the body parts, problems with the inner processes, such as swallowing. It should be stressed one more time that all mentioned symptoms should not have any physical signs, such as stroke or other mechanical damages, only in this case the problem will be considered as mental and may be treated from the discussed perspective. The dissociative or somatoform disorder may be also identified from the behavioral point of view when in the combination of the mentioned above problems the desire to escape from people is observed (Hansell & Damour, 2005).

In conclusion, anxiety, mood or affective, and dissociative or somatoform, were analyzed from the point of view of biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives. The conclusions were made that the symptoms of different diseases may coincide, but the aim of the specialist is to combine them in the proper way and to provide the patient with the correct treatment.

Reference

Hansell, J., & Damour, L. (2005). Abnormal psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

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Meyer, R. (2006). Case studies in abnormal behavior. (7thed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Major CategoriesGeneral DescriptionClassification: Axis I or IISpecific DiagnosisCriteria(for all specific diagnoses listed)
Anxiety disorderAnxiety disorders are usually characterized by different fears and anxious behaviorPhobias (specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia)
Panic Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Acute stress
Abnormal worry
Irritability
Sleep
Disturbance
Restlessness
Muscle tension
Difficulty
concentrating
Anxiety without any reasons
Feeling of unexpected worry
Crying without reasons
Inability to calm down
Nervousness
Waking up at night
Long time necessity for falling asleep
Inability to relax
Constant feeling of worry
Constant tension
Inability for muscle relax
Weak attention on the subject of conversation
Difficult to remember things
Absent-mindedness
Mood/
affective disorder
Mood/
Affective disorders are usually characterized as the fast and often change of mood of the person
Bipolar disorder
Depression disorder
Schizophrenia
Manias
Depression
Delusions
Hallucinations
Withdrawal from society
Disinterest in life
Rapid change of mood
Changes in behavior
Acting in theatrical roles and ways
The feeling of constant being watched
Dissatisfaction with life
Unwillingness to speak to anybody
Sad mood
Aggression
Dissociative/
somatoform disorders
The problem occurs on the conscious level with the body organs without any visual trouble with themConversion disorder
Hypochondriasis
Somatization disorder
Sensory Symptoms
Motor Symptoms
Visceral Symptoms
Fear
Blindness, amnesia.
Tingling or crawling
Loss of pain
Paralysis
Troubles in the functions of the body parts
Problems with the inner processes, such as swallowing
The desire to escape from people
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