Abstract
The global economy has gone high with a rapid population increase. Overpopulation in various countries has become the order of the day. This is because housing and food have become a problem leading to economic instability. Many institutions have been established in various countries to help in population monitoring or control. In this paper, Australia as a country has been depicted and some of the challenges it faces about population increase. The prediction has also been highlighted for 10 years covering up to the year 2020.
Introduction
Australia is one of the countries experiencing rapid population growth that tends to be a threat to the economy. The overall population of Australia is estimated to be 36 million though there is a given percentage that is not included. 24% of the Australian population are immigrants and when added, can sum up to 39 million. This has made Australia a country to come up with measures that can help curb the looming danger of economic instability. With overpopulation, the country may experience given challenges linked to housing or food program. It is due to this reason that Australia has launched a 2020 planning program.
Background
The commonwealth seemed to have released their estimation of the 2020 population including that of Australia back in the years 2010. This estimation was done to cover ten years. The commonwealth treasury wanted to give their budget estimation for posterity. According to the commonwealth research, Australia is most likely to realize a population increase of 36 million and this will show a population increase of 14 million (Eyland, 2004, p67). Housing is becoming a big issue in Australia and this is a sign of looming danger that negatively impacts the future generation of Australian residents especially by the year 2020. Statistics show a smooth and gradual increase in population In Australia since the year 2000. 24.6% of the Australian is covered by the foreign-born. According to the statistics, Australia holds the highest population of foreign-born residents in the world. In Australia, two couples are given citizen rights if they have a new-born in the nation. This falls among the factors that have triggered population growth hence causing food and housing problems. The Australian population is mainly composed of Greece, China, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Germany, Italy, Yugoslavia, and many others.
Literature review
According to the statistics gathered over the years, the current population in Australia is approximately 21.4 million. There are many predictions made by different bodies though there are no substantial facts to support such prediction. IBIS, a statistical body in Australia, gave its prediction in nine years. In their prediction, they claimed that the total population of Australia will reach 25.7 million. This will be a total growth increment of about 1.5 percent. It is also estimated that the population growth rate has gone high than the expected standards hence making it very difficult to feed the robust population. According to various analysts, the population in the year 2020 will have grown by at least 1.5 percent leading to adjustments in the overall country market.
The Australian population is also affected by the immigration rate. There are very many people from other countries who immigrate to Australia in search of a living. This is because Australia is presumed to be home opportunities especially the business sector (Nations Unies, 2011, p34). Australia ranks among one of the economically stable countries around the globe though; it has a weakness when it comes to feeding its residents. It is very difficult to budgets for their robust population leading to loan leading programs from other countries. Due to the current population inflation, Australia as a state or country has decided to launch various programs that help in planning for the future population increment especially the year 2020. At times, it becomes very difficult to estimate the total population growth due to high death rates experienced over the last five 10 years. To get the population estimation of 2020, death rate and birth rate must be considered.
Discussion
In Australia, some rules and policies govern birth rates. This is to control the fast-growing population that may become very difficult to accommodate or sustain. IBIS World is one of the established companies dealing with issues of population growth and planning. Predictions made by this institution are always taken into consideration.
The median age of the Australian population is presumed to be 36 years. Another estimation or predication made by the IBIS World is that the death rate will increase annually as compared to the previous years hence making the population growth rate increase slightly. This increment in death rate is brought about by low fertility hence death rate will surpass that of the newborn babies. Apart from high death rates, the ratio of girls to boys about birth rate is 101:1000. Demography refers to the population of the given place including its density, ethnicity, and education level, the health of the people, the economic status, religious affiliations, and the additional religious affiliations.
Australia
- Population. The research of 2009 shows that the population of Australia is 4,579,000 people.
- Urbanization. Sixty percent live in towns.
- Education. The literacy rate is 95.8%.
- Emigration and immigration 3% of the countries people live in other countries.
- Population density.89.6 hubs /square kilometer. The median age is 27.5 years per total 27.5, the male is 27.1. The growth rate is 1.5% in the year 2010.
Some of the factors that might not have been included in this area but are the part of the demography are the birth rate, death rate, net emigration, net migration, sex ratio, infant mortality rate, under-five, life expectancy at birth, ethnic group, total fertility rate, mortality rate, HIV AIDS, nationality, religion language and literacy (United Nations, 2009, p145).
Brisbane
The latest data show that Brisbane has got a population of 14,701717.
- Fertility is said to be 3.0 children per month.
- Infant and child fertility per month is 45 death per 1000 people.
- Life expectancy is 44.2 years.
- Ethnic groups are Khmer, Vietnamese, and China.
- Languages are The Vietnamese, Chinese, German, Thai, Russia, Japanese and Korean.
- Religion is Buddhism.
Australian health program about population
Diseases are an outstanding threat to the health of the citizens of Australia. The kingdom of Australia is usually affected by a series of diseases. They majorly attack infants and that is why they likely to die from time to time. The threat of malaria is an outstanding problem in the two countries. Malaria is a common communicable disease that is caused by mosquitoes (Ha, 2011, p102). Mosquitoes breed in the areas that have stagnant water. They are hatched in the stagnant water and reproduce eggs. These mosquitoes mostly threaten pregnant mothers, infants, and the aged (Ha, 2011, p102). This is because malaria is dangerous and fatal when not correctly treated. The Australian states are affected by the threat of malaria that is caused by mosquitoes. Recently, Australia witnessed the death of young children due to malaria. Aimed at convincing people to sleep under the nets in the republic.
HIV AIDS pandemic is the factor that is also considered to be a big threat to the people of Australia. Young energetic people that could have been produced in this country are affected by the threat of the HIV AIDS pandemic, therefore, reducing their competence. The government of the two nations highlights the HIV pandemic as the main threat in the republic. The funds and the resources that the governments of the two states could otherwise use in the development are fetched and used to care for the sick people.
Another factor affecting the health of people of these nations is poor feeding habits. This is because most of the residents in this area are poor and they majorly depend on stable food as the only food. This is not supplementary as it does not satisfy people and does not contain all the required diet. This is because human beings should majorly feed on a balanced diet as a way of sustenance. This explains the reason why the children in Australia are largely affected by deficiency disease. Almost 70% of the children of Australia have are victims of kwashiorkor, marasmus, and some of the deficiency diseases.
The radioactive emission is now a threat to Australia. This is because of the war that hit the country for long in some parts are still experiencing the clashes at the moment. Scientists have proved that during the warring time, the weapons that are used do not compose after the war but remain affecting the residents of the area since they undergo a decay known as the radiation decay (Keyfitz, 1990, p56). This is explained as the half-life and the process and the emissions of the half-life affect the genetics of the individuals. The genes of the people undergo any type of change, especially when affected by radioactive emissions. This falls among the problems that are affecting the two countries. The effects of the emissions may damage the person’s future generation as they give birth to an abnormal offspring (Newton, 2008, p99).
Healthcare challenges in Australia
The government directs enough capital in the health care of these countries. The intervention of the government is expected to bring in and then employ skilled professionals and also teach and train young people on how to be health officers. This is because the government funds are quite a lot to meet the cost of the processes efficiently (Greenhalgh, 1998, p67). Also, following the fact that the private sector is taking part in the ensuring of health development, health is highly improved. One advantage enjoyed when the private sector enters the health care system in Australia is that it will fetch in different resources that are useful thereby, improving the health of the people (Mcdonald, 2003, p68). The reason is that the individual people usually got the individual funds to invest in the business and by doing so they end up developing the system of the country
Conclusion
The estimation made by various organizations or bodies in Australia was made after careful review of the challenges facing the nation. According to the current records, the overall population in Australia is growing at a fast calling for ideal measures to be put in place (Biswas, 2009, p44). A country that experiences a high population growth rate is presumed to be a healthy nation though other factors might also trigger a high population growth rate. According to the research carried out over the years, health seems to be a major contributing factor to rapid population growth in any country or continent. With the current healthcare system in Australia, the population growth rate may rise to a given level leading to overpopulation by the year 2020. Though population growth is encouraged, in Australia, this seems to be a big threat due to a lack of proper housing and food. With an additional population rate, Australia may by the year 2020 experience economic instability.
References
Biswas, AK, Tortajada, C & Izquierdo, R 2009, Water management in 2020 and beyond, Springer, Berlin.
Greenhalgh, G 1988, The future of nuclear power, Graham & Trotman, London.
Keyfitz, N & Flieger, W 1990, World population growth and aging: demographic trends in the late twentieth century, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Ha, T 2011, Greeniology 2020: how to live well, be green and make a difference, Melbourne University Publishing, Carlton, Vic.
Mcdonald, PF, & Khoo, SE 2003, The transformation of Australia’s population: 1970-2030, UNSW Press, Sydney.
Newton, PW 2008, Transitions: pathways towards sustainable urban development in Australia, Springer Science, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
United Nations 2009, World population prospects: the 2008 revision, Economic and Social Affairs, Web.
Eyland, S & O’toole, S 2004, Corrections criminology, N.S.W., Hawkins Press, Annandale.