Annotated Bibliography
Lyon-Caen, S., Siroux, V., Lepeule, J., Lorimier, P., Hainaut, P., Mossuz, P., Quentin, J., Supernant, K., Meary, D., Chaperot, L., Bayat, S., Cassee, F., Valentino, S., Couturier-Tarrade, A., Rousseau-Ralliard, D., Chavatte-Palmer, P., Philippat, C., Pin, I., & Slama, R. (2019). Deciphering the impact of early-life exposures to highly variable environmental factors on fetal and child health: Design of SEPAGES couple-child cohort.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20), 3888. Web.
This paper established the effects of early life exposure to atmospheric pollutants. More than a hundred toxicological studies show that long-term exposure to chemical agents can negatively affect health. Human exposures to short half-life compounds, such as numerous endocrine disruptors, have been explored using spot biospecimens by Lyon-Caen et al. Using a couple-child cohort, Lyon-Caen et al. understood better the influence of exposome components such as air pollution and non-persistent endocrine disruptors on child health and development. They employed deep phenotyping and extended personal exposure assessment to better understand the impact of exposome components. Pregnant women from 2014 to 2017 were included in the couple-child cohort. Environmental stressors, including maternal nutrition during pregnancy and pollutants, were utilized as examples of the concept. In line with the content of this article, environmental stressors might increase the likelihood of long-term health problems in childhood and adulthood as well as a future generations.
Lyon-Caen et al. also explored how atmospheric pollutants are a group of environmental elements that have received little attention in toxicology for pregnant women. Animal models with placentas that are more closely related to the human placenta than the mouse placenta were needed for further study in this field. Personal air pollution monitors were used to measure the direction of pregnant women and their children to air pollution. Samples of DNA and RNA, serum and plasma, placenta, and cord blood were all required. The other pieces gathered were meconium, feces, milk, hair, and recurrent urine. Four hundred eighty-four pregnant women were enrolled in the trial, and all of them strictly followed the recurrence urine collection protocol. The most critical health outcomes were objective assessments of children’s respiratory health, growth, and neurological development at a young age. Comparing this new birth cohort to previous studies, Lyon-Caen et al. anticipated that the assessment of non-persistent environmental exposures would be significantly improved. Exposome and child development and health are expected to benefit from this strategy.
Blackwell, C. K., Wakschlag, L., Krogh-Jespersen, S., Buss, K. A., Luby, J., Bevans, K., Lai, J., Forrest, C. B., & Cella, D. (2019). Pragmatic health assessment in early childhood: The PROMIS® of developmentally based measurement for pediatric psychology.Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 45(3), 311-318. Web.
Blackwell et al. decided to adopt a patient-reported outcome measurement system to create parent-report measures for children aged one to five. Using this multidisciplinary approach, they were able to identify the most critical aspects of early childhood that may be reliably and validly assessed in clinical settings. In this article by Blackwell et al., the authors provide accurate and reliable assessments that can guide treatment decisions when applied clinically in pediatric psychology. They explore how traditional pediatric psychology procedures often begin the review in middle childhood, omitting critical early health indicators. Blackwell et al. propose four parameters following recent developments in survey evaluation based on developmental survey assessment to design an early childhood parent report. There are 12 measures in the early childhood parent-report battery currently in use. Based on these observations, Blackwell et al. were able to isolate four key components grouped into three categories of health and well-being: (a) global health; (b) emotional well-being; and (c) physical well-being, including irritability, anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and positive affect. Bringing together a wide range of experts, including those who have worked in research and therapeutic settings, is relevant in this article. Detailed examples from the measurement development process illustrate each topic. When it comes to adapting well-known measures for use with younger children, Blackwell et al. provide a good case in point. They show how to incorporate age- and developmentally-appropriate components as a bonus. This technique and the significant concerns that follow when building continuity for use in early childhood settings will help practitioners of pediatric psychology. Pediatric psychologists will benefit from this because it will assure continuity in those areas. Although more data is available on therapies, significant data gaps prevent the implementation of evidence-based decision-making and accountability. Regional networks are being targeted in various sectors to strengthen local analytic skills and evidence, including quality of care and adequate coverage, nutrition programs, adolescent health, early childhood development, and proof in conflict settings.
Boerma, T., Requejo, J., Victora, C. G., Amouzou, A., George, A., Agyepong, I., Barroso, C., Barros, A. J., Bhutta, Z. A., Black, R. E., Borghi, J., Buse, K., Aguirre, L. C., Chopra, M., Chou, D., Chu, Y., Claeson, M., Daelmans, B., Davis, A., … Zaidi, S. (2018). Countdown to 2030: Tracking progress towards universal coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health.The Lancet, 391(10129), 1538-1548. Web.
Aside from continuing the progress made by the Countdown to 2015 initiative, Countdown to 2030 intends to improve the health of women and children in the 81 nations that account for 95 percent of all maternal deaths and a staggering 90 percent of all child deaths globally. To meet the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, Boerma et al. must make significant progress in reducing maternal and child mortality, stillbirths, and stunting in children under five compared to where we were in 2000. The only way to accomplish such accelerations is to rapidly scale up effective interventions to all segments of a country’s population. This research, which looked at how well interventions were distributed throughout 81 nations as part of Countdown, revealed three significant findings; even though many vital interventions have seen significant gains in coverage over the past decade, many countries remain far from obtaining universal coverage for the vast majority of critical interventions in their particular population. Increasing research also shows that the quality of services supplied in many countries is below standard, restricting their ability to improve outcomes. Although inequalities in intervention coverage within countries are narrowing, the rate at which these changes occur is far too slow. High-quality treatment is challenging in many nations owing to poor health systems and conflict conditions, among other factors. However, even though many countries could not meet their goals, they declined child and maternal mortality rates.
To some extent, this decrease in mortality results from increased attention to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which are clearly defined goals that can be tracked over time and are easily communicated, as well as significant increases in health care spending. Women’s and adolescent girls’ education was another factor in the improvement, as was a fall in births. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were used to construct an inclusive survive, thrive, transform framework for improving the health of women and children in developing. world. The purpose of Countdown is to ensure that all women, children, and adolescents have access to comprehensive health coverage by 2030. In the 81 countries with the highest maternal, neonate, and child mortality burden, Countdown has established periodic progress evaluations against targets. The data analysis revealed that the treatment group showed statistical significance in increasing the deep learning approach and showed no value in the surface learning approach. The control group showed a decrease in deep learning and an increase in learning surface. Boerma et al. attributes more profound knowledge to the metacognitive intervention. Although time-consuming, concept maps contribute to deeper learning and understanding of concepts. This concludes that the teaching was essential and relative to the treatment group. The control group’s findings lead the researcher to note that decreases in deep learning indicate current literature findings that suggest that higher education does not promote a deep understanding of the material.