Brody, Richard G., et al. “The Need for Anti-Corruption Policies in Developing Countries.” Journal of Financial Crime, vol. 28, no. 1, pp.131-141, 2020, 10.1108/jfc-06-2020-0099.
A comprehensive study on the element of corruption in government institutions among developing countries such as the DRC, analyzing how governments attempt to implement anti-corruption policies. The research demonstrates that despite rampant corruption, these policies do have a positive effect, and lessons should be drawn for further implementation. This research can be helpful in examining and analyzing historical and existing anti-corruption efforts and policy in the DRC and its impacts on economic and political development. The source is a respected journal in the area of financial crime and corruption, peer reviewed and published by Emerald.
Fessy, Thomas. “Congo Investigation a Chance to Fight Corruption.”Human Rights Watch.
The research highlights a recent investigation that has been released under the title “Congo Hold-Up” which entails corruption under former President Kabila. The corruption reached unprecedented (even by African standards) levels and involved a massive private bank which was used to launder tens of millions of US dollars in public funds. The research is valuable in demonstrating the extent of DRC corruption and demonstrating a scheme that has been in existence for years to benefit government officials. The resource is an international NGO, and the further investigation was published by a conglomerate of multiple international investigators, media outlets, and NGOs, making it highly credible.
Hyman-Bouchereau, Antonio A. “Democratic Republic of the Congo: Governance and Anti-corruption Assessment.”International Monetary Fund. 2022.
This is a comprehensive report published by the IMF that examines in tremendous detail the corruption, policy, and frameworks of governance and corruption in the DRC. It examines a range of topics including fiscal governance, regulation, rule of law, investment and growth, government spending, as well as introducing measures for fiscal management and proper governance to improve the development of the country. This research will be most useful because it highlights the inherent weaknesses of the current government and anti-corruption system, demonstrating need for change and improvement. The IMF is an influential international organization that conducts highly expert research and assessments of countries, making the source very credible.
Kahombo, Balingene. “‘Corruption in the Democratic Republic of Congo and its Impact on Constitutionalism and Respect for the Rule of Law.” Corruption and Constitutionalism in Africa, edited by Charles M. Fombad and Nico Steytler, Oxford University Press, 2020, pp.287-313.
The research provides an analysis on the political and legal impacts of corruption in the DRC, touching on aspects of constitutionalism and rule of law that are fundamental for strong governance and stable foundation of a nation. It examines the roots of corruption, the country’s anti-corruption strategy, and identifies its consequences due to the persistent nature of it in the region. This analysis will be highly beneficial in examining the political consequences of corruption, determining why anti-corruption efforts continue to fail, and further implications. The source is part of a highly researched book focusing on the topic of corruption and its government impacts in Africa by one of the most respected academic publishers.
O’Hanlon, Michael et al. “Democracy, Corruption, And U.S. Policy In the Democratic Republic of the Congo.”The Brookings Institution.
This source is a transcript of a webinar/interview conducted on the topic of democracy and corruption in the DRC, it examines the insights of the current status quo, politics, and business in the country. The research highlights the political changes in the country which lead to institutional and structural impacts, that are continually influenced by corruption. The research will be helpful in examining the contemporary politics of DRC and the role that corruption plays in the government structures. Brookings is a well-respected think tank and those participating in the webinar are scholars on the topic, and although no specific sources are cited, their insights and anecdotal evidence is still valuable from an academic perspective.
Stevens, Charles E., and Aloysius Newenham‐Kahindi. “Avoid, Acquiesce … or Engage? New Insights from Sub‐Saharan Africa on MNE Strategies for Managing Corruption.” Strategic Management Journal, vol. 42, no. 2, 2020, pp. 273–301, 10.1002/smj.3228F
The article focuses on the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in both navigating and managing corruption in the context of sub-Saharan developing nations such as the DRC. MNEs are one of the key components of national economic growth but the status quo forces these firms to innovate and find partnerships to form roots in the host country and avoid being entangled in the corruption. This can contribute to research by demonstrating how corruption hinders economic development and how it is still possible to avoid it while growing a healthy business in DRC. The source is credible as a highly respected journal in the field of business and management.
Staines, Nicholas, and Maucicio Villafuerte. “Reaping the Benefits of Good Governance in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” Good Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Lessons, edited by Monique Newiak, Abdoul A Wane, and Alex Segura-Ubiergo, International Monetary Fund, 2022, pp.153-168.
The research focuses on investigating the impacts of good governance in DRC, some of which has been implemented, and others are theoretical research and projections by scholars. Both centralized and decentralized corruption exists in DRC, that has negative implications for political governance and inclusive development. This research is valuable as it focuses on governance as a central aspect associated with corruption, being both an influence and a consequence of corruption, highlighting all the potential benefits that good governance would bring. The source is a book published by the IMF, it is well-researched and peer-reviewed by scholars and economists.
Titeca, Kristof, and Patrick Edmond. “The Political Economy of Oil in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Corruption and Regime Control.” The Extractive Industries and Society, vol. 6, no. 2, 2019, pp. 542–551, 10.1016/j.exis.2018.12.003.
The article examines the impact of corruption on the oil industry in the DRC, given that the country has tremendous potential to become a leading producer but sees little actual development. It examines the different types of corruption in the industry and highlights the severity of that corruption differing to either gain power or avoid punishment. The research provides great insight into the intricacies of the corruption in DRC, indicating that not participating creates negative consequences, but so is participating excessively, making small-level corruption the status quo. The source is from a relatively new journal, but the authors seem to be well-educated and published European scholars. The article is well cited and peer reviewed.
Tsopmo, Pierre C., and Martin Ambassa Messy. “Natural Resources and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Corruption Matter? – Research Paper.”African Portal.
Tremendously interesting research working paper that examines the relationship between natural resources and economic growth of sub-Saharan countries. Given that corruption is highly involved in the procurement and sale of these natural resources, the paper examines the extent to which corruption begins to significantly influence the economic growth. The research will be helpful in providing quantitative support in highlighting the significant detriment that corruption brings to economic growth and substantiates impacts on various industries. The authors are not well-known scholars, but the content was produced as part of the African Economic Research Consortium and seems to be well-researched and peer reviewed.
Wakenge, Claude I. “‘Ne manges-tu pas avec eux?’ Cobalt, copper mining and corruption in Democratic Republic of Congo.” Conjonctures De Afrique Centrale 2021, edited by Réginas Ndayiragije, Sahawal Alidou, An Ansoms and Sara Geenen, L’Harmattan, 2021, pp.291-309.
This chapter provides a tremendously insightful overview of the way that corruption operates in DRC at the level of a state system and a ‘legacy of predation.’ It takes the industry of mining and breaks apart the prevalence and influence of corruption, making connections between enterprises, government, and corruption. This research will be helpful in explaining of the concept of corruption in DRC along with its systemic nature and industry-changing influences. The sources is seemingly credible, with the chapter being well-researched while the book itself is part of a developed series on African countries by a major publisher.